/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * datetime.c
 *    Support functions for date/time types.
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2021, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *    src/backend/utils/adt/datetime.c
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#include "postgres.h"

#include <limits.h>

// MEOS
// #include "datatype/timestamp.h"
#include "utils/timestamp_def.h"
#include "utils/datetime.h"
#include "utils/date.h"

#include "../../include/meos.h"

static const datetkn *datebsearch(const char *key, const datetkn *base, int nel);

/* Defined below */

extern char *pg_ultostr_zeropad(char *str, uint32 value, int32 minwidth);
extern char *pg_ultostr(char *str, uint32 value);
static int  DecodeDate(char *str, int fmask, int *tmask, bool *is2digits,
             struct pg_tm *tm);
static int  DecodeTime(char *str, int fmask, int range,
             int *tmask, struct pg_tm *tm, fsec_t *fsec);
static int  DecodeNumber(int flen, char *field, bool haveTextMonth,
             int fmask, int *tmask,
             struct pg_tm *tm, fsec_t *fsec, bool *is2digits);
static int  DecodeNumberField(int len, char *str, int fmask, int *tmask,
                struct pg_tm *tm, fsec_t *fsec, bool *is2digits);
static pg_tz *FetchDynamicTimeZone(TimeZoneAbbrevTable *tbl, const datetkn *tp);
static bool DetermineTimeZoneAbbrevOffsetInternal(pg_time_t t,
                          const char *abbr, pg_tz *tzp,
                          int *offset, int *isdst);
static int  DetermineTimeZoneOffsetInternal(struct pg_tm *tm, pg_tz *tzp,
                      pg_time_t *tp);

const int  day_tab[2][13] =
{
  {31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 0},
  {31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 0}
};

const char *const months[] = {"Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun",
"Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec", NULL};

const char *const days[] = {"Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday",
"Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", NULL};


/*****************************************************************************
 *   PRIVATE ROUTINES                             *
 *****************************************************************************/

/*
 * datetktbl holds date/time keywords.
 *
 * Note that this table must be strictly alphabetically ordered to allow an
 * O(ln(N)) search algorithm to be used.
 *
 * The token field must be NUL-terminated; we truncate entries to TOKMAXLEN
 * characters to fit.
 *
 * The static table contains no TZ, DTZ, or DYNTZ entries; rather those
 * are loaded from configuration files and stored in zoneabbrevtbl, whose
 * abbrevs[] field has the same format as the static datetktbl.
 */
static const datetkn datetktbl[] = {
  /* token, type, value */
  {EARLY, RESERV, DTK_EARLY}, /* "-infinity" reserved for "early time" */
  {DA_D, ADBC, AD},      /* "ad" for years > 0 */
  {"allballs", RESERV, DTK_ZULU}, /* 00:00:00 */
  {"am", AMPM, AM},
  {"apr", MONTH, 4},
  {"april", MONTH, 4},
  {"at", IGNORE_DTF, 0},    /* "at" (throwaway) */
  {"aug", MONTH, 8},
  {"august", MONTH, 8},
  {DB_C, ADBC, BC},      /* "bc" for years <= 0 */
  {"d", UNITS, DTK_DAY},    /* "day of month" for ISO input */
  {"dec", MONTH, 12},
  {"december", MONTH, 12},
  {"dow", UNITS, DTK_DOW},  /* day of week */
  {"doy", UNITS, DTK_DOY},  /* day of year */
  {"dst", DTZMOD, SECS_PER_HOUR},
  {EPOCH, RESERV, DTK_EPOCH}, /* "epoch" reserved for system epoch time */
  {"feb", MONTH, 2},
  {"february", MONTH, 2},
  {"fri", DOW, 5},
  {"friday", DOW, 5},
  {"h", UNITS, DTK_HOUR},    /* "hour" */
  {LATE, RESERV, DTK_LATE},  /* "infinity" reserved for "late time" */
  {"isodow", UNITS, DTK_ISODOW},  /* ISO day of week, Sunday == 7 */
  {"isoyear", UNITS, DTK_ISOYEAR},  /* year in terms of the ISO week date */
  {"j", UNITS, DTK_JULIAN},
  {"jan", MONTH, 1},
  {"january", MONTH, 1},
  {"jd", UNITS, DTK_JULIAN},
  {"jul", MONTH, 7},
  {"julian", UNITS, DTK_JULIAN},
  {"july", MONTH, 7},
  {"jun", MONTH, 6},
  {"june", MONTH, 6},
  {"m", UNITS, DTK_MONTH},  /* "month" for ISO input */
  {"mar", MONTH, 3},
  {"march", MONTH, 3},
  {"may", MONTH, 5},
  {"mm", UNITS, DTK_MINUTE},  /* "minute" for ISO input */
  {"mon", DOW, 1},
  {"monday", DOW, 1},
  {"nov", MONTH, 11},
  {"november", MONTH, 11},
  {NOW, RESERV, DTK_NOW},    /* current transaction time */
  {"oct", MONTH, 10},
  {"october", MONTH, 10},
  {"on", IGNORE_DTF, 0},    /* "on" (throwaway) */
  {"pm", AMPM, PM},
  {"s", UNITS, DTK_SECOND},  /* "seconds" for ISO input */
  {"sat", DOW, 6},
  {"saturday", DOW, 6},
  {"sep", MONTH, 9},
  {"sept", MONTH, 9},
  {"september", MONTH, 9},
  {"sun", DOW, 0},
  {"sunday", DOW, 0},
  {"t", ISOTIME, DTK_TIME},  /* Filler for ISO time fields */
  {"thu", DOW, 4},
  {"thur", DOW, 4},
  {"thurs", DOW, 4},
  {"thursday", DOW, 4},
  {TODAY, RESERV, DTK_TODAY}, /* midnight */
  {TOMORROW, RESERV, DTK_TOMORROW},  /* tomorrow midnight */
  {"tue", DOW, 2},
  {"tues", DOW, 2},
  {"tuesday", DOW, 2},
  {"wed", DOW, 3},
  {"wednesday", DOW, 3},
  {"weds", DOW, 3},
  {"y", UNITS, DTK_YEAR},    /* "year" for ISO input */
  {YESTERDAY, RESERV, DTK_YESTERDAY}  /* yesterday midnight */
};

static const int szdatetktbl = sizeof datetktbl / sizeof datetktbl[0];

/*
 * deltatktbl: same format as datetktbl, but holds keywords used to represent
 * time units (eg, for intervals, and for EXTRACT).
 */
static const datetkn deltatktbl[] = {
  /* token, type, value */
  {"@", IGNORE_DTF, 0},    /* postgres relative prefix */
  {DAGO, AGO, 0},        /* "ago" indicates negative time offset */
  {"c", UNITS, DTK_CENTURY},  /* "century" relative */
  {"cent", UNITS, DTK_CENTURY},  /* "century" relative */
  {"centuries", UNITS, DTK_CENTURY},  /* "centuries" relative */
  {DCENTURY, UNITS, DTK_CENTURY}, /* "century" relative */
  {"d", UNITS, DTK_DAY},    /* "day" relative */
  {DDAY, UNITS, DTK_DAY},    /* "day" relative */
  {"days", UNITS, DTK_DAY},  /* "days" relative */
  {"dec", UNITS, DTK_DECADE}, /* "decade" relative */
  {DDECADE, UNITS, DTK_DECADE},  /* "decade" relative */
  {"decades", UNITS, DTK_DECADE}, /* "decades" relative */
  {"decs", UNITS, DTK_DECADE},  /* "decades" relative */
  {"h", UNITS, DTK_HOUR},    /* "hour" relative */
  {DHOUR, UNITS, DTK_HOUR},  /* "hour" relative */
  {"hours", UNITS, DTK_HOUR}, /* "hours" relative */
  {"hr", UNITS, DTK_HOUR},  /* "hour" relative */
  {"hrs", UNITS, DTK_HOUR},  /* "hours" relative */
  {"m", UNITS, DTK_MINUTE},  /* "minute" relative */
  {"microsecon", UNITS, DTK_MICROSEC},  /* "microsecond" relative */
  {"mil", UNITS, DTK_MILLENNIUM}, /* "millennium" relative */
  {"millennia", UNITS, DTK_MILLENNIUM},  /* "millennia" relative */
  {DMILLENNIUM, UNITS, DTK_MILLENNIUM},  /* "millennium" relative */
  {"millisecon", UNITS, DTK_MILLISEC},  /* relative */
  {"mils", UNITS, DTK_MILLENNIUM},  /* "millennia" relative */
  {"min", UNITS, DTK_MINUTE}, /* "minute" relative */
  {"mins", UNITS, DTK_MINUTE},  /* "minutes" relative */
  {DMINUTE, UNITS, DTK_MINUTE},  /* "minute" relative */
  {"minutes", UNITS, DTK_MINUTE}, /* "minutes" relative */
  {"mon", UNITS, DTK_MONTH},  /* "months" relative */
  {"mons", UNITS, DTK_MONTH}, /* "months" relative */
  {DMONTH, UNITS, DTK_MONTH}, /* "month" relative */
  {"months", UNITS, DTK_MONTH},
  {"ms", UNITS, DTK_MILLISEC},
  {"msec", UNITS, DTK_MILLISEC},
  {DMILLISEC, UNITS, DTK_MILLISEC},
  {"mseconds", UNITS, DTK_MILLISEC},
  {"msecs", UNITS, DTK_MILLISEC},
  {"qtr", UNITS, DTK_QUARTER},  /* "quarter" relative */
  {DQUARTER, UNITS, DTK_QUARTER}, /* "quarter" relative */
  {"s", UNITS, DTK_SECOND},
  {"sec", UNITS, DTK_SECOND},
  {DSECOND, UNITS, DTK_SECOND},
  {"seconds", UNITS, DTK_SECOND},
  {"secs", UNITS, DTK_SECOND},
  {DTIMEZONE, UNITS, DTK_TZ}, /* "timezone" time offset */
  {"timezone_h", UNITS, DTK_TZ_HOUR}, /* timezone hour units */
  {"timezone_m", UNITS, DTK_TZ_MINUTE},  /* timezone minutes units */
  {"us", UNITS, DTK_MICROSEC},  /* "microsecond" relative */
  {"usec", UNITS, DTK_MICROSEC},  /* "microsecond" relative */
  {DMICROSEC, UNITS, DTK_MICROSEC},  /* "microsecond" relative */
  {"useconds", UNITS, DTK_MICROSEC},  /* "microseconds" relative */
  {"usecs", UNITS, DTK_MICROSEC}, /* "microseconds" relative */
  {"w", UNITS, DTK_WEEK},    /* "week" relative */
  {DWEEK, UNITS, DTK_WEEK},  /* "week" relative */
  {"weeks", UNITS, DTK_WEEK}, /* "weeks" relative */
  {"y", UNITS, DTK_YEAR},    /* "year" relative */
  {DYEAR, UNITS, DTK_YEAR},  /* "year" relative */
  {"years", UNITS, DTK_YEAR}, /* "years" relative */
  {"yr", UNITS, DTK_YEAR},  /* "year" relative */
  {"yrs", UNITS, DTK_YEAR}  /* "years" relative */
};

static const int szdeltatktbl = sizeof deltatktbl / sizeof deltatktbl[0];

static TimeZoneAbbrevTable *zoneabbrevtbl = NULL;

/* Caches of recent lookup results in the above tables */

static const datetkn *datecache[MAXDATEFIELDS] = {NULL};

static const datetkn *deltacache[MAXDATEFIELDS] = {NULL};

static const datetkn *abbrevcache[MAXDATEFIELDS] = {NULL};

/*
 * Calendar time to Julian date conversions.
 * Julian date is commonly used in astronomical applications,
 *  since it is numerically accurate and computationally simple.
 * The algorithms here will accurately convert between Julian day
 *  and calendar date for all non-negative Julian days
 *  (i.e. from Nov 24, -4713 on).
 *
 * Rewritten to eliminate overflow problems. This now allows the
 * routines to work correctly for all Julian day counts from
 * 0 to 2147483647  (Nov 24, -4713 to Jun 3, 5874898) assuming
 * a 32-bit integer. Longer types should also work to the limits
 * of their precision.
 *
 * Actually, date2j() will work sanely, in the sense of producing
 * valid negative Julian dates, significantly before Nov 24, -4713.
 * We rely on it to do so back to Nov 1, -4713; see IS_VALID_JULIAN()
 * and associated commentary in timestamp.h.
 */

int
date2j(int y, int m, int d)
{
  int      julian;
  int      century;

  if (m > 2)
  {
    m += 1;
    y += 4800;
  }
  else
  {
    m += 13;
    y += 4799;
  }

  century = y / 100;
  julian = y * 365 - 32167;
  julian += y / 4 - century + century / 4;
  julian += 7834 * m / 256 + d;

  return julian;
}                /* date2j() */

void
j2date(int jd, int *year, int *month, int *day)
{
  unsigned int julian;
  unsigned int quad;
  unsigned int extra;
  int      y;

  julian = jd;
  julian += 32044;
  quad = julian / 146097;
  extra = (julian - quad * 146097) * 4 + 3;
  julian += 60 + quad * 3 + extra / 146097;
  quad = julian / 1461;
  julian -= quad * 1461;
  y = julian * 4 / 1461;
  julian = ((y != 0) ? ((julian + 305) % 365) : ((julian + 306) % 366))
    + 123;
  y += quad * 4;
  *year = y - 4800;
  quad = julian * 2141 / 65536;
  *day = julian - 7834 * quad / 256;
  *month = (quad + 10) % MONTHS_PER_YEAR + 1;
}                /* j2date() */

/*
 * j2day - convert Julian date to day-of-week (0..6 == Sun..Sat)
 *
 * Note: various places use the locution j2day(date - 1) to produce a
 * result according to the convention 0..6 = Mon..Sun.  This is a bit of
 * a crock, but will work as long as the computation here is just a modulo.
 */
int
j2day(int date)
{
  date += 1;
  date %= 7;
  /* Cope if division truncates towards zero, as it probably does */
  if (date < 0)
    date += 7;

  return date;
}                /* j2day() */

/*
 * GetCurrentDateTime()
 *
 * Get the transaction start time ("now()") broken down as a struct pg_tm,
 * converted according to the session timezone setting.
 *
 * This is just a convenience wrapper for GetCurrentTimeUsec, to cover the
 * case where caller doesn't need either fractional seconds or tz offset.
 */
void
GetCurrentDateTime(struct pg_tm *tm)
{
  fsec_t    fsec;

  GetCurrentTimeUsec(tm, &fsec, NULL);
}

/*
 * GetCurrentTimeUsec()
 *
 * Get the transaction start time ("now()") broken down as a struct pg_tm,
 * including fractional seconds and timezone offset.  The time is converted
 * according to the session timezone setting.
 *
 * Callers may pass tzp = NULL if they don't need the offset, but this does
 * not affect the conversion behavior (unlike timestamp2tm()).
 *
 * Internally, we cache the result, since this could be called many times
 * in a transaction, within which now() doesn't change.
 */
void
GetCurrentTimeUsec(struct pg_tm *tm, fsec_t *fsec, int *tzp)
{
  // MEOS
  // TimestampTz cur_ts = GetCurrentTransactionStartTimestamp();
  TimestampTz cur_ts = GetCurrentTimestamp();

  /*
   * The cache key must include both current time and current timezone.  By
   * representing the timezone by just a pointer, we're assuming that
   * distinct timezone settings could never have the same pointer value.
   * This is true by virtue of the hashtable used inside pg_tzset();
   * however, it might need another look if we ever allow entries in that
   * hash to be recycled.
   */
  static TimestampTz cache_ts = 0;
  static pg_tz *cache_timezone = NULL;
  static struct pg_tm cache_tm;
  static fsec_t cache_fsec;
  static int  cache_tz;

  if (cur_ts != cache_ts || session_timezone != cache_timezone)
  {
    /*
     * Make sure cache is marked invalid in case of error after partial
     * update within timestamp2tm.
     */
    cache_timezone = NULL;

    /*
     * Perform the computation, storing results into cache.  We do not
     * really expect any error here, since current time surely ought to be
     * within range, but check just for sanity's sake.
     */
    if (timestamp2tm(cur_ts, &cache_tz, &cache_tm, &cache_fsec, NULL,
             session_timezone) != 0)
    {
      meos_error(ERROR, MEOS_ERR_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE, "timestamp out of range");
      return;
    }

    /* OK, so mark the cache valid. */
    cache_ts = cur_ts;
    cache_timezone = session_timezone;
  }

  *tm = cache_tm;
  *fsec = cache_fsec;
  if (tzp != NULL)
    *tzp = cache_tz;
}

/*
 * Append seconds and fractional seconds (if any) at *cp.
 *
 * precision is the max number of fraction digits, fillzeros says to
 * pad to two integral-seconds digits.
 *
 * Returns a pointer to the new end of string.  No NUL terminator is put
 * there; callers are responsible for NUL terminating str themselves.
 *
 * Note that any sign is stripped from the input seconds values.
 */
static char *
AppendSeconds(char *cp, int sec, fsec_t fsec, int precision, bool fillzeros)
{
  Assert(precision >= 0);

  if (fillzeros)
    cp = pg_ultostr_zeropad(cp, Abs(sec), 2);
  else
    cp = pg_ultostr(cp, Abs(sec));

  /* fsec_t is just an int32 */
  if (fsec != 0)
  {
    int32    value = Abs(fsec);
    char     *end = &cp[precision + 1];
    bool    gotnonzero = false;

    *cp++ = '.';

    /*
     * Append the fractional seconds part.  Note that we don't want any
     * trailing zeros here, so since we're building the number in reverse
     * we'll skip appending zeros until we've output a non-zero digit.
     */
    while (precision--)
    {
      int32    oldval = value;
      int32    remainder;

      value /= 10;
      remainder = oldval - value * 10;

      /* check if we got a non-zero */
      if (remainder)
        gotnonzero = true;

      if (gotnonzero)
        cp[precision] = '0' + remainder;
      else
        end = &cp[precision];
    }

    /*
     * If we still have a non-zero value then precision must have not been
     * enough to print the number.  We punt the problem to pg_ltostr(),
     * which will generate a correct answer in the minimum valid width.
     */
    if (value)
      return pg_ultostr(cp, Abs(fsec));

    return end;
  }
  else
    return cp;
}

/*
 * Variant of above that's specialized to timestamp case.
 *
 * Returns a pointer to the new end of string.  No NUL terminator is put
 * there; callers are responsible for NUL terminating str themselves.
 */
static char *
AppendTimestampSeconds(char *cp, struct pg_tm *tm, fsec_t fsec)
{
  return AppendSeconds(cp, tm->tm_sec, fsec, MAX_TIMESTAMP_PRECISION, true);
}

/*
 * strtoint --- just like strtol, but returns int not long
 * MEOS: Function copied from string.c
 */
int
strtoint(const char *pg_restrict str, char **pg_restrict endptr, int base)
{
  long    val;

  val = strtol(str, endptr, base);
  if (val != (int) val)
    errno = ERANGE;
  return (int) val;
}

/*
 * Multiply frac by scale (to produce seconds) and add to *tm & *fsec.
 * We assume the input frac is less than 1 so overflow is not an issue.
 */
static void
AdjustFractSeconds(double frac, struct pg_tm *tm, fsec_t *fsec, int scale)
{
  int      sec;

  if (frac == 0)
    return;
  frac *= scale;
  sec = (int) frac;
  tm->tm_sec += sec;
  frac -= sec;
  *fsec += rint(frac * 1000000);
}

/* As above, but initial scale produces days */
static void
AdjustFractDays(double frac, struct pg_tm *tm, fsec_t *fsec, int scale)
{
  int      extra_days;

  if (frac == 0)
    return;
  frac *= scale;
  extra_days = (int) frac;
  tm->tm_mday += extra_days;
  frac -= extra_days;
  AdjustFractSeconds(frac, tm, fsec, SECS_PER_DAY);
}

/* Fetch a fractional-second value with suitable error checking */
static int
ParseFractionalSecond(char *cp, fsec_t *fsec)
{
  double    frac;

  /* Caller should always pass the start of the fraction part */
  Assert(*cp == '.');
  errno = 0;
  frac = strtod(cp, &cp);
  /* check for parse failure */
  if (*cp != '\0' || errno != 0)
    return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
  *fsec = rint(frac * 1000000);
  return 0;
}

/* ParseDateTime()
 *  Break string into tokens based on a date/time context.
 *  Returns 0 if successful, DTERR code if bogus input detected.
 *
 * timestr - the input string
 * workbuf - workspace for field string storage. This must be
 *   larger than the largest legal input for this datetime type --
 *   some additional space will be needed to NUL terminate fields.
 * buflen - the size of workbuf
 * field[] - pointers to field strings are returned in this array
 * ftype[] - field type indicators are returned in this array
 * maxfields - dimensions of the above two arrays
 * *numfields - set to the actual number of fields detected
 *
 * The fields extracted from the input are stored as separate,
 * null-terminated strings in the workspace at workbuf. Any text is
 * converted to lower case.
 *
 * Several field types are assigned:
 *  DTK_NUMBER - digits and (possibly) a decimal point
 *  DTK_DATE - digits and two delimiters, or digits and text
 *  DTK_TIME - digits, colon delimiters, and possibly a decimal point
 *  DTK_STRING - text (no digits or punctuation)
 *  DTK_SPECIAL - leading "+" or "-" followed by text
 *  DTK_TZ - leading "+" or "-" followed by digits (also eats ':', '.', '-')
 *
 * Note that some field types can hold unexpected items:
 *  DTK_NUMBER can hold date fields (yy.ddd)
 *  DTK_STRING can hold months (January) and time zones (PST)
 *  DTK_DATE can hold time zone names (America/New_York, GMT-8)
 */
int
ParseDateTime(const char *timestr, char *workbuf, size_t buflen,
        char **field, int *ftype, int maxfields, int *numfields)
{
  int      nf = 0;
  const char *cp = timestr;
  char     *bufp = workbuf;
  const char *bufend = workbuf + buflen;

  /*
   * Set the character pointed-to by "bufptr" to "newchar", and increment
   * "bufptr". "end" gives the end of the buffer -- we return an error if
   * there is no space left to append a character to the buffer. Note that
   * "bufptr" is evaluated twice.
   */
#define APPEND_CHAR(bufptr, end, newchar)    \
  do                      \
  {                      \
    if (((bufptr) + 1) >= (end))      \
      return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;      \
    *(bufptr)++ = newchar;          \
  } while (0)

  /* outer loop through fields */
  while (*cp != '\0')
  {
    /* Ignore spaces between fields */
    if (isspace((unsigned char) *cp))
    {
      cp++;
      continue;
    }

    /* Record start of current field */
    if (nf >= maxfields)
      return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
    field[nf] = bufp;

    /* leading digit? then date or time */
    if (isdigit((unsigned char) *cp))
    {
      APPEND_CHAR(bufp, bufend, *cp++);
      while (isdigit((unsigned char) *cp))
        APPEND_CHAR(bufp, bufend, *cp++);

      /* time field? */
      if (*cp == ':')
      {
        ftype[nf] = DTK_TIME;
        APPEND_CHAR(bufp, bufend, *cp++);
        while (isdigit((unsigned char) *cp) ||
             (*cp == ':') || (*cp == '.'))
          APPEND_CHAR(bufp, bufend, *cp++);
      }
      /* date field? allow embedded text month */
      else if (*cp == '-' || *cp == '/' || *cp == '.')
      {
        /* save delimiting character to use later */
        char    delim = *cp;

        APPEND_CHAR(bufp, bufend, *cp++);
        /* second field is all digits? then no embedded text month */
        if (isdigit((unsigned char) *cp))
        {
          ftype[nf] = ((delim == '.') ? DTK_NUMBER : DTK_DATE);
          while (isdigit((unsigned char) *cp))
            APPEND_CHAR(bufp, bufend, *cp++);

          /*
           * insist that the delimiters match to get a three-field
           * date.
           */
          if (*cp == delim)
          {
            ftype[nf] = DTK_DATE;
            APPEND_CHAR(bufp, bufend, *cp++);
            while (isdigit((unsigned char) *cp) || *cp == delim)
              APPEND_CHAR(bufp, bufend, *cp++);
          }
        }
        else
        {
          ftype[nf] = DTK_DATE;
          while (isalnum((unsigned char) *cp) || *cp == delim)
            APPEND_CHAR(bufp, bufend, pg_tolower((unsigned char) *cp++));
        }
      }

      /*
       * otherwise, number only and will determine year, month, day, or
       * concatenated fields later...
       */
      else
        ftype[nf] = DTK_NUMBER;
    }
    /* Leading decimal point? Then fractional seconds... */
    else if (*cp == '.')
    {
      APPEND_CHAR(bufp, bufend, *cp++);
      while (isdigit((unsigned char) *cp))
        APPEND_CHAR(bufp, bufend, *cp++);

      ftype[nf] = DTK_NUMBER;
    }

    /*
     * text? then date string, month, day of week, special, or timezone
     */
    else if (isalpha((unsigned char) *cp))
    {
      bool    is_date;

      ftype[nf] = DTK_STRING;
      APPEND_CHAR(bufp, bufend, pg_tolower((unsigned char) *cp++));
      while (isalpha((unsigned char) *cp))
        APPEND_CHAR(bufp, bufend, pg_tolower((unsigned char) *cp++));

      /*
       * Dates can have embedded '-', '/', or '.' separators.  It could
       * also be a timezone name containing embedded '/', '+', '-', '_',
       * or ':' (but '_' or ':' can't be the first punctuation). If the
       * next character is a digit or '+', we need to check whether what
       * we have so far is a recognized non-timezone keyword --- if so,
       * don't believe that this is the start of a timezone.
       */
      is_date = false;
      if (*cp == '-' || *cp == '/' || *cp == '.')
        is_date = true;
      else if (*cp == '+' || isdigit((unsigned char) *cp))
      {
        *bufp = '\0';  /* null-terminate current field value */
        /* we need search only the core token table, not TZ names */
        if (datebsearch(field[nf], datetktbl, szdatetktbl) == NULL)
          is_date = true;
      }
      if (is_date)
      {
        ftype[nf] = DTK_DATE;
        do
        {
          APPEND_CHAR(bufp, bufend, pg_tolower((unsigned char) *cp++));
        } while (*cp == '+' || *cp == '-' ||
             *cp == '/' || *cp == '_' ||
             *cp == '.' || *cp == ':' ||
             isalnum((unsigned char) *cp));
      }
    }
    /* sign? then special or numeric timezone */
    else if (*cp == '+' || *cp == '-')
    {
      APPEND_CHAR(bufp, bufend, *cp++);
      /* soak up leading whitespace */
      while (isspace((unsigned char) *cp))
        cp++;
      /* numeric timezone? */
      /* note that "DTK_TZ" could also be a signed float or yyyy-mm */
      if (isdigit((unsigned char) *cp))
      {
        ftype[nf] = DTK_TZ;
        APPEND_CHAR(bufp, bufend, *cp++);
        while (isdigit((unsigned char) *cp) ||
             *cp == ':' || *cp == '.' || *cp == '-')
          APPEND_CHAR(bufp, bufend, *cp++);
      }
      /* special? */
      else if (isalpha((unsigned char) *cp))
      {
        ftype[nf] = DTK_SPECIAL;
        APPEND_CHAR(bufp, bufend, pg_tolower((unsigned char) *cp++));
        while (isalpha((unsigned char) *cp))
          APPEND_CHAR(bufp, bufend, pg_tolower((unsigned char) *cp++));
      }
      /* otherwise something wrong... */
      else
        return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
    }
    /* ignore other punctuation but use as delimiter */
    else if (ispunct((unsigned char) *cp))
    {
      cp++;
      continue;
    }
    /* otherwise, something is not right... */
    else
      return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

    /* force in a delimiter after each field */
    *bufp++ = '\0';
    nf++;
  }

  *numfields = nf;

  return 0;
}

/* DecodeDateTime()
 * Interpret previously parsed fields for general date and time.
 * Return 0 if full date, 1 if only time, and negative DTERR code if problems.
 * (Currently, all callers treat 1 as an error return too.)
 *
 *    External format(s):
 *        "<weekday> <month>-<day>-<year> <hour>:<minute>:<second>"
 *        "Fri Feb-7-1997 15:23:27"
 *        "Feb-7-1997 15:23:27"
 *        "2-7-1997 15:23:27"
 *        "1997-2-7 15:23:27"
 *        "1997.038 15:23:27"    (day of year 1-366)
 *    Also supports input in compact time:
 *        "970207 152327"
 *        "97038 152327"
 *        "20011225T040506.789-07"
 *
 * Use the system-provided functions to get the current time zone
 * if not specified in the input string.
 *
 * If the date is outside the range of pg_time_t (in practice that could only
 * happen if pg_time_t is just 32 bits), then assume UTC time zone - thomas
 * 1997-05-27
 */
int
DecodeDateTime(char **field, int *ftype, int nf, int *dtype,
  struct pg_tm *tm, fsec_t *fsec, int *tzp)
{
  int fmask = 0,
      tmask,
      type;
  int ptype = 0;    /* "prefix type" for ISO y2001m02d04 format */
  int i;
  int val;
  int dterr;
  int mer = HR24;
  bool haveTextMonth = false;
  bool isjulian = false;
  bool is2digits = false;
  bool bc = false;
  pg_tz *namedTz = NULL;
  pg_tz *abbrevTz = NULL;
  pg_tz *valtz;
  char *abbrev = NULL;
  struct pg_tm cur_tm;

  /*
   * We'll insist on at least all of the date fields, but initialize the
   * remaining fields in case they are not set later...
   */
  *dtype = DTK_DATE;
  tm->tm_hour = 0;
  tm->tm_min = 0;
  tm->tm_sec = 0;
  *fsec = 0;
  /* don't know daylight savings time status apriori */
  tm->tm_isdst = -1;
  if (tzp != NULL)
    *tzp = 0;

  for (i = 0; i < nf; i++)
  {
    switch (ftype[i])
    {
      case DTK_DATE:

        /*
         * Integral julian day with attached time zone? All other
         * forms with JD will be separated into distinct fields, so we
         * handle just this case here.
         */
        if (ptype == DTK_JULIAN)
        {
          char     *cp;
          int      val;

          if (tzp == NULL)
            return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

          errno = 0;
          val = strtoint(field[i], &cp, 10);
          if (errno == ERANGE || val < 0)
            return DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW;

          j2date(val, &tm->tm_year, &tm->tm_mon, &tm->tm_mday);
          isjulian = true;

          /* Get the time zone from the end of the string */
          dterr = DecodeTimezone(cp, tzp);
          if (dterr)
            return dterr;

          tmask = DTK_DATE_M | DTK_TIME_M | DTK_M(TZ);
          ptype = 0;
          break;
        }

        /*
         * Already have a date? Then this might be a time zone name
         * with embedded punctuation (e.g. "America/New_York") or a
         * run-together time with trailing time zone (e.g. hhmmss-zz).
         * - thomas 2001-12-25
         *
         * We consider it a time zone if we already have month & day.
         * This is to allow the form "mmm dd hhmmss tz year", which
         * we've historically accepted.
         */
        else if (ptype != 0 ||
             ((fmask & (DTK_M(MONTH) | DTK_M(DAY))) ==
              (DTK_M(MONTH) | DTK_M(DAY))))
        {
          /* No time zone accepted? Then quit... */
          if (tzp == NULL)
            return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

          if (isdigit((unsigned char) *field[i]) || ptype != 0)
          {
            char     *cp;

            if (ptype != 0)
            {
              /* Sanity check; should not fail this test */
              if (ptype != DTK_TIME)
                return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
              ptype = 0;
            }

            /*
             * Starts with a digit but we already have a time
             * field? Then we are in trouble with a date and time
             * already...
             */
            if ((fmask & DTK_TIME_M) == DTK_TIME_M)
              return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

            if ((cp = strchr(field[i], '-')) == NULL)
              return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

            /* Get the time zone from the end of the string */
            dterr = DecodeTimezone(cp, tzp);
            if (dterr)
              return dterr;
            *cp = '\0';

            /*
             * Then read the rest of the field as a concatenated
             * time
             */
            dterr = DecodeNumberField(strlen(field[i]), field[i],
                          fmask,
                          &tmask, tm,
                          fsec, &is2digits);
            if (dterr < 0)
              return dterr;

            /*
             * modify tmask after returning from
             * DecodeNumberField()
             */
            tmask |= DTK_M(TZ);
          }
          else
          {
            namedTz = pg_tzset(field[i]);
            if (!namedTz)
            {
              /*
               * We should return an error code instead of
               * ereport'ing directly, but then there is no way
               * to report the bad time zone name.
               */
              meos_error(ERROR, MEOS_ERR_FILE_ERROR,
                "time zone \"%s\" not recognized", field[i]);
              return -1;
            }
            /* we'll apply the zone setting below */
            tmask = DTK_M(TZ);
          }
        }
        else
        {
          dterr = DecodeDate(field[i], fmask,
                     &tmask, &is2digits, tm);
          if (dterr)
            return dterr;
        }
        break;

      case DTK_TIME:

        /*
         * This might be an ISO time following a "t" field.
         */
        if (ptype != 0)
        {
          /* Sanity check; should not fail this test */
          if (ptype != DTK_TIME)
            return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
          ptype = 0;
        }
        dterr = DecodeTime(field[i], fmask, INTERVAL_FULL_RANGE,
                   &tmask, tm, fsec);
        if (dterr)
          return dterr;

        /* check for time overflow */
        if (time_overflows(tm->tm_hour, tm->tm_min, tm->tm_sec,
                   *fsec))
          return DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW;
        break;

      case DTK_TZ:
        {
          int      tz;

          if (tzp == NULL)
            return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

          dterr = DecodeTimezone(field[i], &tz);
          if (dterr)
            return dterr;
          *tzp = tz;
          tmask = DTK_M(TZ);
        }
        break;

      case DTK_NUMBER:

        /*
         * Was this an "ISO date" with embedded field labels? An
         * example is "y2001m02d04" - thomas 2001-02-04
         */
        if (ptype != 0)
        {
          char     *cp;
          int      val;

          errno = 0;
          val = strtoint(field[i], &cp, 10);
          if (errno == ERANGE)
            return DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW;

          /*
           * only a few kinds are allowed to have an embedded
           * decimal
           */
          if (*cp == '.')
            switch (ptype)
            {
              case DTK_JULIAN:
              case DTK_TIME:
              case DTK_SECOND:
                break;
              default:
                return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
                break;
            }
          else if (*cp != '\0')
            return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

          switch (ptype)
          {
            case DTK_YEAR:
              tm->tm_year = val;
              tmask = DTK_M(YEAR);
              break;

            case DTK_MONTH:

              /*
               * already have a month and hour? then assume
               * minutes
               */
              if ((fmask & DTK_M(MONTH)) != 0 &&
                (fmask & DTK_M(HOUR)) != 0)
              {
                tm->tm_min = val;
                tmask = DTK_M(MINUTE);
              }
              else
              {
                tm->tm_mon = val;
                tmask = DTK_M(MONTH);
              }
              break;

            case DTK_DAY:
              tm->tm_mday = val;
              tmask = DTK_M(DAY);
              break;

            case DTK_HOUR:
              tm->tm_hour = val;
              tmask = DTK_M(HOUR);
              break;

            case DTK_MINUTE:
              tm->tm_min = val;
              tmask = DTK_M(MINUTE);
              break;

            case DTK_SECOND:
              tm->tm_sec = val;
              tmask = DTK_M(SECOND);
              if (*cp == '.')
              {
                dterr = ParseFractionalSecond(cp, fsec);
                if (dterr)
                  return dterr;
                tmask = DTK_ALL_SECS_M;
              }
              break;

            case DTK_TZ:
              tmask = DTK_M(TZ);
              dterr = DecodeTimezone(field[i], tzp);
              if (dterr)
                return dterr;
              break;

            case DTK_JULIAN:
              /* previous field was a label for "julian date" */
              if (val < 0)
                return DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW;
              tmask = DTK_DATE_M;
              j2date(val, &tm->tm_year, &tm->tm_mon, &tm->tm_mday);
              isjulian = true;

              /* fractional Julian Day? */
              if (*cp == '.')
              {
                double    time;

                errno = 0;
                time = strtod(cp, &cp);
                if (*cp != '\0' || errno != 0)
                  return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
                time *= USECS_PER_DAY;
                dt2time(time,
                    &tm->tm_hour, &tm->tm_min,
                    &tm->tm_sec, fsec);
                tmask |= DTK_TIME_M;
              }
              break;

            case DTK_TIME:
              /* previous field was "t" for ISO time */
              dterr = DecodeNumberField(strlen(field[i]), field[i],
                            (fmask | DTK_DATE_M),
                            &tmask, tm,
                            fsec, &is2digits);
              if (dterr < 0)
                return dterr;
              if (tmask != DTK_TIME_M)
                return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
              break;

            default:
              return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
              break;
          }

          ptype = 0;
          *dtype = DTK_DATE;
        }
        else
        {
          char     *cp;
          int      flen;

          flen = strlen(field[i]);
          cp = strchr(field[i], '.');

          /* Embedded decimal and no date yet? */
          if (cp != NULL && !(fmask & DTK_DATE_M))
          {
            dterr = DecodeDate(field[i], fmask,
                       &tmask, &is2digits, tm);
            if (dterr)
              return dterr;
          }
          /* embedded decimal and several digits before? */
          else if (cp != NULL && flen - strlen(cp) > 2)
          {
            /*
             * Interpret as a concatenated date or time Set the
             * type field to allow decoding other fields later.
             * Example: 20011223 or 040506
             */
            dterr = DecodeNumberField(flen, field[i], fmask,
                          &tmask, tm,
                          fsec, &is2digits);
            if (dterr < 0)
              return dterr;
          }

          /*
           * Is this a YMD or HMS specification, or a year number?
           * YMD and HMS are required to be six digits or more, so
           * if it is 5 digits, it is a year.  If it is six or more
           * digits, we assume it is YMD or HMS unless no date and
           * no time values have been specified.  This forces 6+
           * digit years to be at the end of the string, or to use
           * the ISO date specification.
           */
          else if (flen >= 6 && (!(fmask & DTK_DATE_M) ||
                       !(fmask & DTK_TIME_M)))
          {
            dterr = DecodeNumberField(flen, field[i], fmask,
                          &tmask, tm,
                          fsec, &is2digits);
            if (dterr < 0)
              return dterr;
          }
          /* otherwise it is a single date/time field... */
          else
          {
            dterr = DecodeNumber(flen, field[i],
                       haveTextMonth, fmask,
                       &tmask, tm,
                       fsec, &is2digits);
            if (dterr)
              return dterr;
          }
        }
        break;

      case DTK_STRING:
      case DTK_SPECIAL:
        /* timezone abbrevs take precedence over built-in tokens */
        type = DecodeTimezoneAbbrev(i, field[i], &val, &valtz);
        if (type == UNKNOWN_FIELD)
          type = DecodeSpecial(i, field[i], &val);
        if (type == IGNORE_DTF)
          continue;

        tmask = DTK_M(type);
        switch (type)
        {
          case RESERV:
            switch (val)
            {
              case DTK_NOW:
                tmask = (DTK_DATE_M | DTK_TIME_M | DTK_M(TZ));
                *dtype = DTK_DATE;
                GetCurrentTimeUsec(tm, fsec, tzp);
                break;

              case DTK_YESTERDAY:
                tmask = DTK_DATE_M;
                *dtype = DTK_DATE;
                GetCurrentDateTime(&cur_tm);
                j2date(date2j(cur_tm.tm_year, cur_tm.tm_mon, cur_tm.tm_mday) - 1,
                     &tm->tm_year, &tm->tm_mon, &tm->tm_mday);
                break;

              case DTK_TODAY:
                tmask = DTK_DATE_M;
                *dtype = DTK_DATE;
                GetCurrentDateTime(&cur_tm);
                tm->tm_year = cur_tm.tm_year;
                tm->tm_mon = cur_tm.tm_mon;
                tm->tm_mday = cur_tm.tm_mday;
                break;

              case DTK_TOMORROW:
                tmask = DTK_DATE_M;
                *dtype = DTK_DATE;
                GetCurrentDateTime(&cur_tm);
                j2date(date2j(cur_tm.tm_year, cur_tm.tm_mon, cur_tm.tm_mday) + 1,
                     &tm->tm_year, &tm->tm_mon, &tm->tm_mday);
                break;

              case DTK_ZULU:
                tmask = (DTK_TIME_M | DTK_M(TZ));
                *dtype = DTK_DATE;
                tm->tm_hour = 0;
                tm->tm_min = 0;
                tm->tm_sec = 0;
                if (tzp != NULL)
                  *tzp = 0;
                break;

              default:
                *dtype = val;
            }

            break;

          case MONTH:

            /*
             * already have a (numeric) month? then see if we can
             * substitute...
             */
            if ((fmask & DTK_M(MONTH)) && !haveTextMonth &&
              !(fmask & DTK_M(DAY)) && tm->tm_mon >= 1 &&
              tm->tm_mon <= 31)
            {
              tm->tm_mday = tm->tm_mon;
              tmask = DTK_M(DAY);
            }
            haveTextMonth = true;
            tm->tm_mon = val;
            break;

          case DTZMOD:

            /*
             * daylight savings time modifier (solves "MET DST"
             * syntax)
             */
            tmask |= DTK_M(DTZ);
            tm->tm_isdst = 1;
            if (tzp == NULL)
              return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
            *tzp -= val;
            break;

          case DTZ:

            /*
             * set mask for TZ here _or_ check for DTZ later when
             * getting default timezone
             */
            tmask |= DTK_M(TZ);
            tm->tm_isdst = 1;
            if (tzp == NULL)
              return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
            *tzp = -val;
            break;

          case TZ:
            tm->tm_isdst = 0;
            if (tzp == NULL)
              return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
            *tzp = -val;
            break;

          case DYNTZ:
            tmask |= DTK_M(TZ);
            if (tzp == NULL)
              return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
            /* we'll determine the actual offset later */
            abbrevTz = valtz;
            abbrev = field[i];
            break;

          case AMPM:
            mer = val;
            break;

          case ADBC:
            bc = (val == BC);
            break;

          case DOW:
            tm->tm_wday = val;
            break;

          case UNITS:
            tmask = 0;
            ptype = val;
            break;

          case ISOTIME:

            /*
             * This is a filler field "t" indicating that the next
             * field is time. Try to verify that this is sensible.
             */
            tmask = 0;

            /* No preceding date? Then quit... */
            if ((fmask & DTK_DATE_M) != DTK_DATE_M)
              return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

            /***
             * We will need one of the following fields:
             *  DTK_NUMBER should be hhmmss.fff
             *  DTK_TIME should be hh:mm:ss.fff
             *  DTK_DATE should be hhmmss-zz
             ***/
            if (i >= nf - 1 ||
              (ftype[i + 1] != DTK_NUMBER &&
               ftype[i + 1] != DTK_TIME &&
               ftype[i + 1] != DTK_DATE))
              return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

            ptype = val;
            break;

          case UNKNOWN_FIELD:

            /*
             * Before giving up and declaring error, check to see
             * if it is an all-alpha timezone name.
             */
            namedTz = pg_tzset(field[i]);
            if (!namedTz)
              return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
            /* we'll apply the zone setting below */
            tmask = DTK_M(TZ);
            break;

          default:
            return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
        }
        break;

      default:
        return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
    }

    if (tmask & fmask)
      return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
    fmask |= tmask;
  }              /* end loop over fields */

  /* do final checking/adjustment of Y/M/D fields */
  dterr = ValidateDate(fmask, isjulian, is2digits, bc, tm);
  if (dterr)
    return dterr;

  /* handle AM/PM */
  if (mer != HR24 && tm->tm_hour > HOURS_PER_DAY / 2)
    return DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW;
  if (mer == AM && tm->tm_hour == HOURS_PER_DAY / 2)
    tm->tm_hour = 0;
  else if (mer == PM && tm->tm_hour != HOURS_PER_DAY / 2)
    tm->tm_hour += HOURS_PER_DAY / 2;

  /* do additional checking for full date specs... */
  if (*dtype == DTK_DATE)
  {
    if ((fmask & DTK_DATE_M) != DTK_DATE_M)
    {
      if ((fmask & DTK_TIME_M) == DTK_TIME_M)
        return 1;
      return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
    }

    /*
     * If we had a full timezone spec, compute the offset (we could not do
     * it before, because we need the date to resolve DST status).
     */
    if (namedTz != NULL)
    {
      /* daylight savings time modifier disallowed with full TZ */
      if (fmask & DTK_M(DTZMOD))
        return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

      *tzp = DetermineTimeZoneOffset(tm, namedTz);
    }

    /*
     * Likewise, if we had a dynamic timezone abbreviation, resolve it
     * now.
     */
    if (abbrevTz != NULL)
    {
      /* daylight savings time modifier disallowed with dynamic TZ */
      if (fmask & DTK_M(DTZMOD))
        return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

      *tzp = DetermineTimeZoneAbbrevOffset(tm, abbrev, abbrevTz);
    }

    /* timezone not specified? then use session timezone */
    if (tzp != NULL && !(fmask & DTK_M(TZ)))
    {
      /*
       * daylight savings time modifier but no standard timezone? then
       * error
       */
      if (fmask & DTK_M(DTZMOD))
        return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

      *tzp = DetermineTimeZoneOffset(tm, session_timezone);
    }
  }

  return 0;
}

/* DetermineTimeZoneOffset()
 *
 * Given a struct pg_tm in which tm_year, tm_mon, tm_mday, tm_hour, tm_min,
 * and tm_sec fields are set, and a zic-style time zone definition, determine
 * the applicable GMT offset and daylight-savings status at that time.
 * Set the struct pg_tm's tm_isdst field accordingly, and return the GMT
 * offset as the function result.
 *
 * Note: if the date is out of the range we can deal with, we return zero
 * as the GMT offset and set tm_isdst = 0.  We don't throw an error here,
 * though probably some higher-level code will.
 */
int
DetermineTimeZoneOffset(struct pg_tm *tm, pg_tz *tzp)
{
  pg_time_t  t;

  return DetermineTimeZoneOffsetInternal(tm, tzp, &t);
}

/* DetermineTimeZoneOffsetInternal()
 *
 * As above, but also return the actual UTC time imputed to the date/time
 * into *tp.
 *
 * In event of an out-of-range date, we punt by returning zero into *tp.
 * This is okay for the immediate callers but is a good reason for not
 * exposing this worker function globally.
 *
 * Note: it might seem that we should use mktime() for this, but bitter
 * experience teaches otherwise.  This code is much faster than most versions
 * of mktime(), anyway.
 */
static int
DetermineTimeZoneOffsetInternal(struct pg_tm *tm, pg_tz *tzp, pg_time_t *tp)
{
  int      date,
        sec;
  pg_time_t  day,
        mytime,
        prevtime,
        boundary,
        beforetime,
        aftertime;
  long int  before_gmtoff,
        after_gmtoff;
  int      before_isdst,
        after_isdst;
  int      res;

  /*
   * First, generate the pg_time_t value corresponding to the given
   * y/m/d/h/m/s taken as GMT time.  If this overflows, punt and decide the
   * timezone is GMT.  (For a valid Julian date, integer overflow should be
   * impossible with 64-bit pg_time_t, but let's check for safety.)
   */
  if (!IS_VALID_JULIAN(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday))
    goto overflow;
  date = date2j(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday) - UNIX_EPOCH_JDATE;

  day = ((pg_time_t) date) * SECS_PER_DAY;
  if (day / SECS_PER_DAY != date)
    goto overflow;
  sec = tm->tm_sec + (tm->tm_min + tm->tm_hour * MINS_PER_HOUR) * SECS_PER_MINUTE;
  mytime = day + sec;
  /* since sec >= 0, overflow could only be from +day to -mytime */
  if (mytime < 0 && day > 0)
    goto overflow;

  /*
   * Find the DST time boundary just before or following the target time. We
   * assume that all zones have GMT offsets less than 24 hours, and that DST
   * boundaries can't be closer together than 48 hours, so backing up 24
   * hours and finding the "next" boundary will work.
   */
  prevtime = mytime - SECS_PER_DAY;
  if (mytime < 0 && prevtime > 0)
    goto overflow;

  res = pg_next_dst_boundary(&prevtime,
                 &before_gmtoff, &before_isdst,
                 &boundary,
                 &after_gmtoff, &after_isdst,
                 tzp);
  if (res < 0)
    goto overflow;      /* failure? */

  if (res == 0)
  {
    /* Non-DST zone, life is simple */
    tm->tm_isdst = before_isdst;
    *tp = mytime - before_gmtoff;
    return -(int) before_gmtoff;
  }

  /*
   * Form the candidate pg_time_t values with local-time adjustment
   */
  beforetime = mytime - before_gmtoff;
  if ((before_gmtoff > 0 &&
     mytime < 0 && beforetime > 0) ||
    (before_gmtoff <= 0 &&
     mytime > 0 && beforetime < 0))
    goto overflow;
  aftertime = mytime - after_gmtoff;
  if ((after_gmtoff > 0 &&
     mytime < 0 && aftertime > 0) ||
    (after_gmtoff <= 0 &&
     mytime > 0 && aftertime < 0))
    goto overflow;

  /*
   * If both before or both after the boundary time, we know what to do. The
   * boundary time itself is considered to be after the transition, which
   * means we can accept aftertime == boundary in the second case.
   */
  if (beforetime < boundary && aftertime < boundary)
  {
    tm->tm_isdst = before_isdst;
    *tp = beforetime;
    return -(int) before_gmtoff;
  }
  if (beforetime > boundary && aftertime >= boundary)
  {
    tm->tm_isdst = after_isdst;
    *tp = aftertime;
    return -(int) after_gmtoff;
  }

  /*
   * It's an invalid or ambiguous time due to timezone transition.  In a
   * spring-forward transition, prefer the "before" interpretation; in a
   * fall-back transition, prefer "after".  (We used to define and implement
   * this test as "prefer the standard-time interpretation", but that rule
   * does not help to resolve the behavior when both times are reported as
   * standard time; which does happen, eg Europe/Moscow in Oct 2014.  Also,
   * in some zones such as Europe/Dublin, there is widespread confusion
   * about which time offset is "standard" time, so it's fortunate that our
   * behavior doesn't depend on that.)
   */
  if (beforetime > aftertime)
  {
    tm->tm_isdst = before_isdst;
    *tp = beforetime;
    return -(int) before_gmtoff;
  }
  tm->tm_isdst = after_isdst;
  *tp = aftertime;
  return -(int) after_gmtoff;

overflow:
  /* Given date is out of range, so assume UTC */
  tm->tm_isdst = 0;
  *tp = 0;
  return 0;
}

/* DetermineTimeZoneAbbrevOffset()
 *
 * Determine the GMT offset and DST flag to be attributed to a dynamic
 * time zone abbreviation, that is one whose meaning has changed over time.
 * *tm contains the local time at which the meaning should be determined,
 * and tm->tm_isdst receives the DST flag.
 *
 * This differs from the behavior of DetermineTimeZoneOffset() in that a
 * standard-time or daylight-time abbreviation forces use of the corresponding
 * GMT offset even when the zone was then in DS or standard time respectively.
 * (However, that happens only if we can match the given abbreviation to some
 * abbreviation that appears in the IANA timezone data.  Otherwise, we fall
 * back to doing DetermineTimeZoneOffset().)
 */
int
DetermineTimeZoneAbbrevOffset(struct pg_tm *tm, const char *abbr, pg_tz *tzp)
{
  pg_time_t  t;
  int      zone_offset;
  int      abbr_offset;
  int      abbr_isdst;

  /*
   * Compute the UTC time we want to probe at.  (In event of overflow, we'll
   * probe at the epoch, which is a bit random but probably doesn't matter.)
   */
  zone_offset = DetermineTimeZoneOffsetInternal(tm, tzp, &t);

  /*
   * Try to match the abbreviation to something in the zone definition.
   */
  if (DetermineTimeZoneAbbrevOffsetInternal(t, abbr, tzp,
                        &abbr_offset, &abbr_isdst))
  {
    /* Success, so use the abbrev-specific answers. */
    tm->tm_isdst = abbr_isdst;
    return abbr_offset;
  }

  /*
   * No match, so use the answers we already got from
   * DetermineTimeZoneOffsetInternal.
   */
  return zone_offset;
}

/* DetermineTimeZoneAbbrevOffsetInternal()
 *
 * Workhorse for above two functions: work from a pg_time_t probe instant.
 * On success, return GMT offset and DST status into *offset and *isdst.
 */
static bool
DetermineTimeZoneAbbrevOffsetInternal(pg_time_t t, const char *abbr, pg_tz *tzp,
                    int *offset, int *isdst)
{
  char    upabbr[TZ_STRLEN_MAX + 1];
  unsigned char *p;
  long int  gmtoff;

  /* We need to force the abbrev to upper case */
  // strlcpy(upabbr, abbr, sizeof(upabbr)); /* MEOS */
  strncpy(upabbr, abbr, sizeof(upabbr));
  for (p = (unsigned char *) upabbr; *p; p++)
    *p = pg_toupper(*p);

  /* Look up the abbrev's meaning at this time in this zone */
  if (pg_interpret_timezone_abbrev(upabbr,
                   &t,
                   &gmtoff,
                   isdst,
                   tzp))
  {
    /* Change sign to agree with DetermineTimeZoneOffset() */
    *offset = (int) -gmtoff;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

/* DecodeTimeOnly()
 * Interpret parsed string as time fields only.
 * Returns 0 if successful, DTERR code if bogus input detected.
 *
 * Note that support for time zone is here for
 * SQL TIME WITH TIME ZONE, but it reveals
 * bogosity with SQL date/time standards, since
 * we must infer a time zone from current time.
 * - thomas 2000-03-10
 * Allow specifying date to get a better time zone,
 * if time zones are allowed. - thomas 2001-12-26
 */
int
DecodeTimeOnly(char **field, int *ftype, int nf, int *dtype, struct pg_tm *tm,
  fsec_t *fsec, int *tzp)
{
  int fmask = 0,
      tmask,
      type;
  int ptype = 0;    /* "prefix type" for ISO h04mm05s06 format */
  int i;
  int val;
  int dterr;
  bool isjulian = false;
  bool is2digits = false;
  bool bc = false;
  int mer = HR24;
  pg_tz *namedTz = NULL;
  pg_tz *abbrevTz = NULL;
  char *abbrev = NULL;
  pg_tz *valtz;

  *dtype = DTK_TIME;
  tm->tm_hour = 0;
  tm->tm_min = 0;
  tm->tm_sec = 0;
  *fsec = 0;
  /* don't know daylight savings time status apriori */
  tm->tm_isdst = -1;

  if (tzp != NULL)
    *tzp = 0;

  for (i = 0; i < nf; i++)
  {
    switch (ftype[i])
    {
      case DTK_DATE:

        /*
         * Time zone not allowed? Then should not accept dates or time
         * zones no matter what else!
         */
        if (tzp == NULL)
          return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

        /* Under limited circumstances, we will accept a date... */
        if (i == 0 && nf >= 2 &&
          (ftype[nf - 1] == DTK_DATE || ftype[1] == DTK_TIME))
        {
          dterr = DecodeDate(field[i], fmask,  &tmask, &is2digits, tm);
          if (dterr)
            return dterr;
        }
        /* otherwise, this is a time and/or time zone */
        else
        {
          if (isdigit((unsigned char) *field[i]))
          {
            char     *cp;

            /*
             * Starts with a digit but we already have a time
             * field? Then we are in trouble with time already...
             */
            if ((fmask & DTK_TIME_M) == DTK_TIME_M)
              return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

            /*
             * Should not get here and fail. Sanity check only...
             */
            if ((cp = strchr(field[i], '-')) == NULL)
              return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

            /* Get the time zone from the end of the string */
            dterr = DecodeTimezone(cp, tzp);
            if (dterr)
              return dterr;
            *cp = '\0';

            /*
             * Then read the rest of the field as a concatenated
             * time
             */
            dterr = DecodeNumberField(strlen(field[i]), field[i],
                          (fmask | DTK_DATE_M),
                          &tmask, tm,
                          fsec, &is2digits);
            if (dterr < 0)
              return dterr;
            ftype[i] = dterr;

            tmask |= DTK_M(TZ);
          }
          else
          {
            namedTz = pg_tzset(field[i]);
            if (!namedTz)
            {
              /*
               * We should return an error code instead of
               * ereport'ing directly, but then there is no way
               * to report the bad time zone name.
               */
              meos_error(ERROR, MEOS_ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE,
                "time zone \"%s\" not recognized", field[i]);
              return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
            }
            /* we'll apply the zone setting below */
            ftype[i] = DTK_TZ;
            tmask = DTK_M(TZ);
          }
        }
        break;

      case DTK_TIME:
        dterr = DecodeTime(field[i], (fmask | DTK_DATE_M),
                   INTERVAL_FULL_RANGE,
                   &tmask, tm, fsec);
        if (dterr)
          return dterr;
        break;

      case DTK_TZ:
        {
          int      tz;

          if (tzp == NULL)
            return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

          dterr = DecodeTimezone(field[i], &tz);
          if (dterr)
            return dterr;
          *tzp = tz;
          tmask = DTK_M(TZ);
        }
        break;

      case DTK_NUMBER:

        /*
         * Was this an "ISO time" with embedded field labels? An
         * example is "h04mm05s06" - thomas 2001-02-04
         */
        if (ptype != 0)
        {
          char     *cp;
          int      val;

          /* Only accept a date under limited circumstances */
          switch (ptype)
          {
            case DTK_JULIAN:
            case DTK_YEAR:
            case DTK_MONTH:
            case DTK_DAY:
              if (tzp == NULL)
                return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
            default:
              break;
          }

          errno = 0;
          val = strtoint(field[i], &cp, 10);
          if (errno == ERANGE)
            return DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW;

          /*
           * only a few kinds are allowed to have an embedded
           * decimal
           */
          if (*cp == '.')
            switch (ptype)
            {
              case DTK_JULIAN:
              case DTK_TIME:
              case DTK_SECOND:
                break;
              default:
                return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
                break;
            }
          else if (*cp != '\0')
            return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

          switch (ptype)
          {
            case DTK_YEAR:
              tm->tm_year = val;
              tmask = DTK_M(YEAR);
              break;

            case DTK_MONTH:

              /*
               * already have a month and hour? then assume
               * minutes
               */
              if ((fmask & DTK_M(MONTH)) != 0 &&
                (fmask & DTK_M(HOUR)) != 0)
              {
                tm->tm_min = val;
                tmask = DTK_M(MINUTE);
              }
              else
              {
                tm->tm_mon = val;
                tmask = DTK_M(MONTH);
              }
              break;

            case DTK_DAY:
              tm->tm_mday = val;
              tmask = DTK_M(DAY);
              break;

            case DTK_HOUR:
              tm->tm_hour = val;
              tmask = DTK_M(HOUR);
              break;

            case DTK_MINUTE:
              tm->tm_min = val;
              tmask = DTK_M(MINUTE);
              break;

            case DTK_SECOND:
              tm->tm_sec = val;
              tmask = DTK_M(SECOND);
              if (*cp == '.')
              {
                dterr = ParseFractionalSecond(cp, fsec);
                if (dterr)
                  return dterr;
                tmask = DTK_ALL_SECS_M;
              }
              break;

            case DTK_TZ:
              tmask = DTK_M(TZ);
              dterr = DecodeTimezone(field[i], tzp);
              if (dterr)
                return dterr;
              break;

            case DTK_JULIAN:
              /* previous field was a label for "julian date" */
              if (val < 0)
                return DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW;
              tmask = DTK_DATE_M;
              j2date(val, &tm->tm_year, &tm->tm_mon, &tm->tm_mday);
              isjulian = true;

              if (*cp == '.')
              {
                double    time;

                errno = 0;
                time = strtod(cp, &cp);
                if (*cp != '\0' || errno != 0)
                  return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
                time *= USECS_PER_DAY;
                dt2time(time,
                    &tm->tm_hour, &tm->tm_min,
                    &tm->tm_sec, fsec);
                tmask |= DTK_TIME_M;
              }
              break;

            case DTK_TIME:
              /* previous field was "t" for ISO time */
              dterr = DecodeNumberField(strlen(field[i]), field[i],
                            (fmask | DTK_DATE_M),
                            &tmask, tm,
                            fsec, &is2digits);
              if (dterr < 0)
                return dterr;
              ftype[i] = dterr;

              if (tmask != DTK_TIME_M)
                return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
              break;

            default:
              return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
              break;
          }

          ptype = 0;
          *dtype = DTK_DATE;
        }
        else
        {
          char     *cp;
          int      flen;

          flen = strlen(field[i]);
          cp = strchr(field[i], '.');

          /* Embedded decimal? */
          if (cp != NULL)
          {
            /*
             * Under limited circumstances, we will accept a
             * date...
             */
            if (i == 0 && nf >= 2 && ftype[nf - 1] == DTK_DATE)
            {
              dterr = DecodeDate(field[i], fmask,
                         &tmask, &is2digits, tm);
              if (dterr)
                return dterr;
            }
            /* embedded decimal and several digits before? */
            else if (flen - strlen(cp) > 2)
            {
              /*
               * Interpret as a concatenated date or time Set
               * the type field to allow decoding other fields
               * later. Example: 20011223 or 040506
               */
              dterr = DecodeNumberField(flen, field[i],
                            (fmask | DTK_DATE_M),
                            &tmask, tm,
                            fsec, &is2digits);
              if (dterr < 0)
                return dterr;
              ftype[i] = dterr;
            }
            else
              return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
          }
          else if (flen > 4)
          {
            dterr = DecodeNumberField(flen, field[i],
                          (fmask | DTK_DATE_M),
                          &tmask, tm,
                          fsec, &is2digits);
            if (dterr < 0)
              return dterr;
            ftype[i] = dterr;
          }
          /* otherwise it is a single date/time field... */
          else
          {
            dterr = DecodeNumber(flen, field[i],
                       false,
                       (fmask | DTK_DATE_M),
                       &tmask, tm,
                       fsec, &is2digits);
            if (dterr)
              return dterr;
          }
        }
        break;

      case DTK_STRING:
      case DTK_SPECIAL:
        /* timezone abbrevs take precedence over built-in tokens */
        type = DecodeTimezoneAbbrev(i, field[i], &val, &valtz);
        if (type == UNKNOWN_FIELD)
          type = DecodeSpecial(i, field[i], &val);
        if (type == IGNORE_DTF)
          continue;

        tmask = DTK_M(type);
        switch (type)
        {
          case RESERV:
            switch (val)
            {
              case DTK_NOW:
                tmask = DTK_TIME_M;
                *dtype = DTK_TIME;
                GetCurrentTimeUsec(tm, fsec, NULL);
                break;

              case DTK_ZULU:
                tmask = (DTK_TIME_M | DTK_M(TZ));
                *dtype = DTK_TIME;
                tm->tm_hour = 0;
                tm->tm_min = 0;
                tm->tm_sec = 0;
                tm->tm_isdst = 0;
                break;

              default:
                return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
            }

            break;

          case DTZMOD:

            /*
             * daylight savings time modifier (solves "MET DST"
             * syntax)
             */
            tmask |= DTK_M(DTZ);
            tm->tm_isdst = 1;
            if (tzp == NULL)
              return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
            *tzp -= val;
            break;

          case DTZ:

            /*
             * set mask for TZ here _or_ check for DTZ later when
             * getting default timezone
             */
            tmask |= DTK_M(TZ);
            tm->tm_isdst = 1;
            if (tzp == NULL)
              return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
            *tzp = -val;
            ftype[i] = DTK_TZ;
            break;

          case TZ:
            tm->tm_isdst = 0;
            if (tzp == NULL)
              return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
            *tzp = -val;
            ftype[i] = DTK_TZ;
            break;

          case DYNTZ:
            tmask |= DTK_M(TZ);
            if (tzp == NULL)
              return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
            /* we'll determine the actual offset later */
            abbrevTz = valtz;
            abbrev = field[i];
            ftype[i] = DTK_TZ;
            break;

          case AMPM:
            mer = val;
            break;

          case ADBC:
            bc = (val == BC);
            break;

          case UNITS:
            tmask = 0;
            ptype = val;
            break;

          case ISOTIME:
            tmask = 0;

            /***
             * We will need one of the following fields:
             *  DTK_NUMBER should be hhmmss.fff
             *  DTK_TIME should be hh:mm:ss.fff
             *  DTK_DATE should be hhmmss-zz
             ***/
            if (i >= nf - 1 ||
              (ftype[i + 1] != DTK_NUMBER &&
               ftype[i + 1] != DTK_TIME &&
               ftype[i + 1] != DTK_DATE))
              return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

            ptype = val;
            break;

          case UNKNOWN_FIELD:

            /*
             * Before giving up and declaring error, check to see
             * if it is an all-alpha timezone name.
             */
            namedTz = pg_tzset(field[i]);
            if (!namedTz)
              return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
            /* we'll apply the zone setting below */
            tmask = DTK_M(TZ);
            break;

          default:
            return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
        }
        break;

      default:
        return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
    }

    if (tmask & fmask)
      return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
    fmask |= tmask;
  }              /* end loop over fields */

  /* do final checking/adjustment of Y/M/D fields */
  dterr = ValidateDate(fmask, isjulian, is2digits, bc, tm);
  if (dterr)
    return dterr;

  /* handle AM/PM */
  if (mer != HR24 && tm->tm_hour > HOURS_PER_DAY / 2)
    return DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW;
  if (mer == AM && tm->tm_hour == HOURS_PER_DAY / 2)
    tm->tm_hour = 0;
  else if (mer == PM && tm->tm_hour != HOURS_PER_DAY / 2)
    tm->tm_hour += HOURS_PER_DAY / 2;

  /* check for time overflow */
  if (time_overflows(tm->tm_hour, tm->tm_min, tm->tm_sec, *fsec))
    return DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW;

  if ((fmask & DTK_TIME_M) != DTK_TIME_M)
    return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

  /*
   * If we had a full timezone spec, compute the offset (we could not do it
   * before, because we may need the date to resolve DST status).
   */
  if (namedTz != NULL)
  {
    long int  gmtoff;

    /* daylight savings time modifier disallowed with full TZ */
    if (fmask & DTK_M(DTZMOD))
      return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

    /* if non-DST zone, we do not need to know the date */
    if (pg_get_timezone_offset(namedTz, &gmtoff))
    {
      *tzp = -(int) gmtoff;
    }
    else
    {
      /* a date has to be specified */
      if ((fmask & DTK_DATE_M) != DTK_DATE_M)
        return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
      *tzp = DetermineTimeZoneOffset(tm, namedTz);
    }
  }

  /*
   * Likewise, if we had a dynamic timezone abbreviation, resolve it now.
   */
  if (abbrevTz != NULL)
  {
    struct pg_tm tt,
           *tmp = &tt;

    /*
     * daylight savings time modifier but no standard timezone? then error
     */
    if (fmask & DTK_M(DTZMOD))
      return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

    if ((fmask & DTK_DATE_M) == 0)
      GetCurrentDateTime(tmp);
    else
    {
      /* a date has to be specified */
      if ((fmask & DTK_DATE_M) != DTK_DATE_M)
        return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
      tmp->tm_year = tm->tm_year;
      tmp->tm_mon = tm->tm_mon;
      tmp->tm_mday = tm->tm_mday;
    }
    tmp->tm_hour = tm->tm_hour;
    tmp->tm_min = tm->tm_min;
    tmp->tm_sec = tm->tm_sec;
    *tzp = DetermineTimeZoneAbbrevOffset(tmp, abbrev, abbrevTz);
    tm->tm_isdst = tmp->tm_isdst;
  }

  /* timezone not specified? then use session timezone */
  if (tzp != NULL && !(fmask & DTK_M(TZ)))
  {
    struct pg_tm tt,
           *tmp = &tt;

    /*
     * daylight savings time modifier but no standard timezone? then error
     */
    if (fmask & DTK_M(DTZMOD))
      return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

    if ((fmask & DTK_DATE_M) == 0)
      GetCurrentDateTime(tmp);
    else
    {
      /* a date has to be specified */
      if ((fmask & DTK_DATE_M) != DTK_DATE_M)
        return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
      tmp->tm_year = tm->tm_year;
      tmp->tm_mon = tm->tm_mon;
      tmp->tm_mday = tm->tm_mday;
    }
    tmp->tm_hour = tm->tm_hour;
    tmp->tm_min = tm->tm_min;
    tmp->tm_sec = tm->tm_sec;
    *tzp = DetermineTimeZoneOffset(tmp, session_timezone);
    tm->tm_isdst = tmp->tm_isdst;
  }

  return 0;
}

/* DecodeDate()
 * Decode date string which includes delimiters.
 * Return 0 if okay, a DTERR code if not.
 *
 *  str: field to be parsed
 *  fmask: bitmask for field types already seen
 *  *tmask: receives bitmask for fields found here
 *  *is2digits: set to true if we find 2-digit year
 *  *tm: field values are stored into appropriate members of this struct
 */
static int
DecodeDate(char *str, int fmask __attribute__((unused)), int *tmask, bool *is2digits,
       struct pg_tm *tm)
{
  fsec_t    fsec;
  int      nf = 0;
  int      i,
        len;
  int      dterr;
  bool    haveTextMonth = false;
  int      type,
        val,
        dmask = 0;
  char     *field[MAXDATEFIELDS];

  *tmask = 0;

  /* parse this string... */
  while (*str != '\0' && nf < MAXDATEFIELDS)
  {
    /* skip field separators */
    while (*str != '\0' && !isalnum((unsigned char) *str))
      str++;

    if (*str == '\0')
      return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;  /* end of string after separator */

    field[nf] = str;
    if (isdigit((unsigned char) *str))
    {
      while (isdigit((unsigned char) *str))
        str++;
    }
    else if (isalpha((unsigned char) *str))
    {
      while (isalpha((unsigned char) *str))
        str++;
    }

    /* Just get rid of any non-digit, non-alpha characters... */
    if (*str != '\0')
      *str++ = '\0';
    nf++;
  }

  /* look first for text fields, since that will be unambiguous month */
  for (i = 0; i < nf; i++)
  {
    if (isalpha((unsigned char) *field[i]))
    {
      type = DecodeSpecial(i, field[i], &val);
      if (type == IGNORE_DTF)
        continue;

      dmask = DTK_M(type);
      switch (type)
      {
        case MONTH:
          tm->tm_mon = val;
          haveTextMonth = true;
          break;

        default:
          return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
      }
      if (fmask & dmask)
        return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

      fmask |= dmask;
      *tmask |= dmask;

      /* mark this field as being completed */
      field[i] = NULL;
    }
  }

  /* now pick up remaining numeric fields */
  for (i = 0; i < nf; i++)
  {
    if (field[i] == NULL)
      continue;

    if ((len = strlen(field[i])) <= 0)
      return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

    dterr = DecodeNumber(len, field[i], haveTextMonth, fmask,
               &dmask, tm,
               &fsec, is2digits);
    if (dterr)
      return dterr;

    if (fmask & dmask)
      return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

    fmask |= dmask;
    *tmask |= dmask;
  }

  if ((fmask & ~(DTK_M(DOY) | DTK_M(TZ))) != DTK_DATE_M)
    return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

  /* validation of the field values must wait until ValidateDate() */

  return 0;
}

/* ValidateDate()
 * Check valid year/month/day values, handle BC and DOY cases
 * Return 0 if okay, a DTERR code if not.
 */
int
ValidateDate(int fmask, bool isjulian, bool is2digits, bool bc,
       struct pg_tm *tm)
{
  if (fmask & DTK_M(YEAR))
  {
    if (isjulian)
    {
      /* tm_year is correct and should not be touched */
    }
    else if (bc)
    {
      /* there is no year zero in AD/BC notation */
      if (tm->tm_year <= 0)
        return DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW;
      /* internally, we represent 1 BC as year zero, 2 BC as -1, etc */
      tm->tm_year = -(tm->tm_year - 1);
    }
    else if (is2digits)
    {
      /* process 1 or 2-digit input as 1970-2069 AD, allow '0' and '00' */
      if (tm->tm_year < 0)  /* just paranoia */
        return DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW;
      if (tm->tm_year < 70)
        tm->tm_year += 2000;
      else if (tm->tm_year < 100)
        tm->tm_year += 1900;
    }
    else
    {
      /* there is no year zero in AD/BC notation */
      if (tm->tm_year <= 0)
        return DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW;
    }
  }

  /* now that we have correct year, decode DOY */
  if (fmask & DTK_M(DOY))
  {
    j2date(date2j(tm->tm_year, 1, 1) + tm->tm_yday - 1,
         &tm->tm_year, &tm->tm_mon, &tm->tm_mday);
  }

  /* check for valid month */
  if (fmask & DTK_M(MONTH))
  {
    if (tm->tm_mon < 1 || tm->tm_mon > MONTHS_PER_YEAR)
      return DTERR_MD_FIELD_OVERFLOW;
  }

  /* minimal check for valid day */
  if (fmask & DTK_M(DAY))
  {
    if (tm->tm_mday < 1 || tm->tm_mday > 31)
      return DTERR_MD_FIELD_OVERFLOW;
  }

  if ((fmask & DTK_DATE_M) == DTK_DATE_M)
  {
    /*
     * Check for valid day of month, now that we know for sure the month
     * and year.  Note we don't use MD_FIELD_OVERFLOW here, since it seems
     * unlikely that "Feb 29" is a YMD-order error.
     */
    if (tm->tm_mday > day_tab[isleap(tm->tm_year)][tm->tm_mon - 1])
      return DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW;
  }

  return 0;
}

/* DecodeTime()
 * Decode time string which includes delimiters.
 * Return 0 if okay, a DTERR code if not.
 *
 * Only check the lower limit on hours, since this same code can be
 * used to represent time spans.
 */
static int
DecodeTime(char *str, int fmask __attribute__((unused)), int range,
       int *tmask, struct pg_tm *tm, fsec_t *fsec)
{
  char     *cp;
  int      dterr;

  *tmask = DTK_TIME_M;

  errno = 0;
  tm->tm_hour = strtoint(str, &cp, 10);
  if (errno == ERANGE)
    return DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW;
  if (*cp != ':')
    return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
  errno = 0;
  tm->tm_min = strtoint(cp + 1, &cp, 10);
  if (errno == ERANGE)
    return DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW;
  if (*cp == '\0')
  {
    tm->tm_sec = 0;
    *fsec = 0;
    /* If it's a MINUTE TO SECOND interval, take 2 fields as being mm:ss */
    if (range == (INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE) | INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND)))
    {
      tm->tm_sec = tm->tm_min;
      tm->tm_min = tm->tm_hour;
      tm->tm_hour = 0;
    }
  }
  else if (*cp == '.')
  {
    /* always assume mm:ss.sss is MINUTE TO SECOND */
    dterr = ParseFractionalSecond(cp, fsec);
    if (dterr)
      return dterr;
    tm->tm_sec = tm->tm_min;
    tm->tm_min = tm->tm_hour;
    tm->tm_hour = 0;
  }
  else if (*cp == ':')
  {
    errno = 0;
    tm->tm_sec = strtoint(cp + 1, &cp, 10);
    if (errno == ERANGE)
      return DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW;
    if (*cp == '\0')
      *fsec = 0;
    else if (*cp == '.')
    {
      dterr = ParseFractionalSecond(cp, fsec);
      if (dterr)
        return dterr;
    }
    else
      return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
  }
  else
    return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

  /* do a sanity check */
  if (tm->tm_hour < 0 || tm->tm_min < 0 || tm->tm_min > MINS_PER_HOUR - 1 ||
    tm->tm_sec < 0 || tm->tm_sec > SECS_PER_MINUTE ||
    *fsec < INT64CONST(0) ||
    *fsec > USECS_PER_SEC)
    return DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW;

  return 0;
}

/* DecodeNumber()
 * Interpret plain numeric field as a date value in context.
 * Return 0 if okay, a DTERR code if not.
 */
static int
DecodeNumber(int flen, char *str, bool haveTextMonth, int fmask,
       int *tmask, struct pg_tm *tm, fsec_t *fsec, bool *is2digits)
{
  int      val;
  char     *cp;
  int      dterr;

  *tmask = 0;

  errno = 0;
  val = strtoint(str, &cp, 10);
  if (errno == ERANGE)
    return DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW;
  if (cp == str)
    return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

  if (*cp == '.')
  {
    /*
     * More than two digits before decimal point? Then could be a date or
     * a run-together time: 2001.360 20011225 040506.789
     */
    if (cp - str > 2)
    {
      dterr = DecodeNumberField(flen, str,
                    (fmask | DTK_DATE_M),
                    tmask, tm,
                    fsec, is2digits);
      if (dterr < 0)
        return dterr;
      return 0;
    }

    dterr = ParseFractionalSecond(cp, fsec);
    if (dterr)
      return dterr;
  }
  else if (*cp != '\0')
    return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

  /* Special case for day of year */
  if (flen == 3 && (fmask & DTK_DATE_M) == DTK_M(YEAR) && val >= 1 &&
    val <= 366)
  {
    *tmask = (DTK_M(DOY) | DTK_M(MONTH) | DTK_M(DAY));
    tm->tm_yday = val;
    /* tm_mon and tm_mday can't actually be set yet ... */
    return 0;
  }

  /* Switch based on what we have so far */
  switch (fmask & DTK_DATE_M)
  {
    case 0:

      /*
       * Nothing so far; make a decision about what we think the input
       * is.  There used to be lots of heuristics here, but the
       * consensus now is to be paranoid.  It *must* be either
       * YYYY-MM-DD (with a more-than-two-digit year field), or the
       * field order defined by DateOrder.
       */
      if (flen >= 3 || DateOrder == DATEORDER_YMD)
      {
        *tmask = DTK_M(YEAR);
        tm->tm_year = val;
      }
      else if (DateOrder == DATEORDER_DMY)
      {
        *tmask = DTK_M(DAY);
        tm->tm_mday = val;
      }
      else
      {
        *tmask = DTK_M(MONTH);
        tm->tm_mon = val;
      }
      break;

    case (DTK_M(YEAR)):
      /* Must be at second field of YY-MM-DD */
      *tmask = DTK_M(MONTH);
      tm->tm_mon = val;
      break;

    case (DTK_M(MONTH)):
      if (haveTextMonth)
      {
        /*
         * We are at the first numeric field of a date that included a
         * textual month name.  We want to support the variants
         * MON-DD-YYYY, DD-MON-YYYY, and YYYY-MON-DD as unambiguous
         * inputs.  We will also accept MON-DD-YY or DD-MON-YY in
         * either DMY or MDY modes, as well as YY-MON-DD in YMD mode.
         */
        if (flen >= 3 || DateOrder == DATEORDER_YMD)
        {
          *tmask = DTK_M(YEAR);
          tm->tm_year = val;
        }
        else
        {
          *tmask = DTK_M(DAY);
          tm->tm_mday = val;
        }
      }
      else
      {
        /* Must be at second field of MM-DD-YY */
        *tmask = DTK_M(DAY);
        tm->tm_mday = val;
      }
      break;

    case (DTK_M(YEAR) | DTK_M(MONTH)):
      if (haveTextMonth)
      {
        /* Need to accept DD-MON-YYYY even in YMD mode */
        if (flen >= 3 && *is2digits)
        {
          /* Guess that first numeric field is day was wrong */
          *tmask = DTK_M(DAY);  /* YEAR is already set */
          tm->tm_mday = tm->tm_year;
          tm->tm_year = val;
          *is2digits = false;
        }
        else
        {
          *tmask = DTK_M(DAY);
          tm->tm_mday = val;
        }
      }
      else
      {
        /* Must be at third field of YY-MM-DD */
        *tmask = DTK_M(DAY);
        tm->tm_mday = val;
      }
      break;

    case (DTK_M(DAY)):
      /* Must be at second field of DD-MM-YY */
      *tmask = DTK_M(MONTH);
      tm->tm_mon = val;
      break;

    case (DTK_M(MONTH) | DTK_M(DAY)):
      /* Must be at third field of DD-MM-YY or MM-DD-YY */
      *tmask = DTK_M(YEAR);
      tm->tm_year = val;
      break;

    case (DTK_M(YEAR) | DTK_M(MONTH) | DTK_M(DAY)):
      /* we have all the date, so it must be a time field */
      dterr = DecodeNumberField(flen, str, fmask,
                    tmask, tm,
                    fsec, is2digits);
      if (dterr < 0)
        return dterr;
      return 0;

    default:
      /* Anything else is bogus input */
      return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
  }

  /*
   * When processing a year field, mark it for adjustment if it's only one
   * or two digits.
   */
  if (*tmask == DTK_M(YEAR))
    *is2digits = (flen <= 2);

  return 0;
}

/* DecodeNumberField()
 * Interpret numeric string as a concatenated date or time field.
 * Return a DTK token (>= 0) if successful, a DTERR code (< 0) if not.
 *
 * Use the context of previously decoded fields to help with
 * the interpretation.
 */
static int
DecodeNumberField(int len, char *str, int fmask,
          int *tmask, struct pg_tm *tm, fsec_t *fsec, bool *is2digits)
{
  char     *cp;

  /*
   * Have a decimal point? Then this is a date or something with a seconds
   * field...
   */
  if ((cp = strchr(str, '.')) != NULL)
  {
    /*
     * Can we use ParseFractionalSecond here?  Not clear whether trailing
     * junk should be rejected ...
     */
    double    frac;

    errno = 0;
    frac = strtod(cp, NULL);
    if (errno != 0)
      return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
    *fsec = rint(frac * 1000000);
    /* Now truncate off the fraction for further processing */
    *cp = '\0';
    len = strlen(str);
  }
  /* No decimal point and no complete date yet? */
  else if ((fmask & DTK_DATE_M) != DTK_DATE_M)
  {
    if (len >= 6)
    {
      *tmask = DTK_DATE_M;

      /*
       * Start from end and consider first 2 as Day, next 2 as Month,
       * and the rest as Year.
       */
      tm->tm_mday = atoi(str + (len - 2));
      *(str + (len - 2)) = '\0';
      tm->tm_mon = atoi(str + (len - 4));
      *(str + (len - 4)) = '\0';
      tm->tm_year = atoi(str);
      if ((len - 4) == 2)
        *is2digits = true;

      return DTK_DATE;
    }
  }

  /* not all time fields are specified? */
  if ((fmask & DTK_TIME_M) != DTK_TIME_M)
  {
    /* hhmmss */
    if (len == 6)
    {
      *tmask = DTK_TIME_M;
      tm->tm_sec = atoi(str + 4);
      *(str + 4) = '\0';
      tm->tm_min = atoi(str + 2);
      *(str + 2) = '\0';
      tm->tm_hour = atoi(str);

      return DTK_TIME;
    }
    /* hhmm? */
    else if (len == 4)
    {
      *tmask = DTK_TIME_M;
      tm->tm_sec = 0;
      tm->tm_min = atoi(str + 2);
      *(str + 2) = '\0';
      tm->tm_hour = atoi(str);

      return DTK_TIME;
    }
  }

  return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
}

/* DecodeTimezone()
 * Interpret string as a numeric timezone.
 *
 * Return 0 if okay (and set *tzp), a DTERR code if not okay.
 */
int
DecodeTimezone(char *str, int *tzp)
{
  int      tz;
  int      hr,
        min,
        sec = 0;
  char     *cp;

  /* leading character must be "+" or "-" */
  if (*str != '+' && *str != '-')
    return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

  errno = 0;
  hr = strtoint(str + 1, &cp, 10);
  if (errno == ERANGE)
    return DTERR_TZDISP_OVERFLOW;

  /* explicit delimiter? */
  if (*cp == ':')
  {
    errno = 0;
    min = strtoint(cp + 1, &cp, 10);
    if (errno == ERANGE)
      return DTERR_TZDISP_OVERFLOW;
    if (*cp == ':')
    {
      errno = 0;
      sec = strtoint(cp + 1, &cp, 10);
      if (errno == ERANGE)
        return DTERR_TZDISP_OVERFLOW;
    }
  }
  /* otherwise, might have run things together... */
  else if (*cp == '\0' && strlen(str) > 3)
  {
    min = hr % 100;
    hr = hr / 100;
    /* we could, but don't, support a run-together hhmmss format */
  }
  else
    min = 0;

  /* Range-check the values; see notes in datatype/timestamp.h */
  if (hr < 0 || hr > MAX_TZDISP_HOUR)
    return DTERR_TZDISP_OVERFLOW;
  if (min < 0 || min >= MINS_PER_HOUR)
    return DTERR_TZDISP_OVERFLOW;
  if (sec < 0 || sec >= SECS_PER_MINUTE)
    return DTERR_TZDISP_OVERFLOW;

  tz = (hr * MINS_PER_HOUR + min) * SECS_PER_MINUTE + sec;
  if (*str == '-')
    tz = -tz;

  *tzp = -tz;

  if (*cp != '\0')
    return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

  return 0;
}

/* DecodeTimezoneAbbrev()
 * Interpret string as a timezone abbreviation, if possible.
 *
 * Returns an abbreviation type (TZ, DTZ, or DYNTZ), or UNKNOWN_FIELD if
 * string is not any known abbreviation.  On success, set *offset and *tz to
 * represent the UTC offset (for TZ or DTZ) or underlying zone (for DYNTZ).
 * Note that full timezone names (such as America/New_York) are not handled
 * here, mostly for historical reasons.
 *
 * Given string must be lowercased already.
 *
 * Implement a cache lookup since it is likely that dates
 *  will be related in format.
 */
int
DecodeTimezoneAbbrev(int field, char *lowtoken,
           int *offset, pg_tz **tz)
{
  int      type;
  const datetkn *tp;

  tp = abbrevcache[field];
  /* use strncmp so that we match truncated tokens */
  if (tp == NULL || strncmp(lowtoken, tp->token, TOKMAXLEN) != 0)
  {
    if (zoneabbrevtbl)
      tp = datebsearch(lowtoken, zoneabbrevtbl->abbrevs,
               zoneabbrevtbl->numabbrevs);
    else
      tp = NULL;
  }
  if (tp == NULL)
  {
    type = UNKNOWN_FIELD;
    *offset = 0;
    *tz = NULL;
  }
  else
  {
    abbrevcache[field] = tp;
    type = tp->type;
    if (type == DYNTZ)
    {
      *offset = 0;
      *tz = FetchDynamicTimeZone(zoneabbrevtbl, tp);
    }
    else
    {
      *offset = tp->value;
      *tz = NULL;
    }
  }

  return type;
}

/* DecodeSpecial()
 * Decode text string using lookup table.
 *
 * Recognizes the keywords listed in datetktbl.
 * Note: at one time this would also recognize timezone abbreviations,
 * but no more; use DecodeTimezoneAbbrev for that.
 *
 * Given string must be lowercased already.
 *
 * Implement a cache lookup since it is likely that dates
 *  will be related in format.
 */
int
DecodeSpecial(int field, char *lowtoken, int *val)
{
  int      type;
  const datetkn *tp;

  tp = datecache[field];
  /* use strncmp so that we match truncated tokens */
  if (tp == NULL || strncmp(lowtoken, tp->token, TOKMAXLEN) != 0)
  {
    tp = datebsearch(lowtoken, datetktbl, szdatetktbl);
  }
  if (tp == NULL)
  {
    type = UNKNOWN_FIELD;
    *val = 0;
  }
  else
  {
    datecache[field] = tp;
    type = tp->type;
    *val = tp->value;
  }

  return type;
}

/* ClearPgTm
 *
 * Zero out a pg_tm and associated fsec_t
 */
static inline void
ClearPgTm(struct pg_tm *tm, fsec_t *fsec)
{
  tm->tm_year = 0;
  tm->tm_mon = 0;
  tm->tm_mday = 0;
  tm->tm_hour = 0;
  tm->tm_min = 0;
  tm->tm_sec = 0;
  *fsec = 0;
}

/* DecodeInterval()
 * Interpret previously parsed fields for general time interval.
 * Returns 0 if successful, DTERR code if bogus input detected.
 * dtype, tm, fsec are output parameters.
 *
 * Allow "date" field DTK_DATE since this could be just
 *  an unsigned floating point number. - thomas 1997-11-16
 *
 * Allow ISO-style time span, with implicit units on number of days
 *  preceding an hh:mm:ss field. - thomas 1998-04-30
 */
int
DecodeInterval(char **field, int *ftype, int nf, int range,
         int *dtype, struct pg_tm *tm, fsec_t *fsec)
{
  bool    is_before = false;
  char     *cp;
  int      fmask = 0,
        tmask,
        type;
  int      i;
  int      dterr;
  int      val;
  double    fval;

  *dtype = DTK_DELTA;
  type = IGNORE_DTF;
  ClearPgTm(tm, fsec);

  /* read through list backwards to pick up units before values */
  for (i = nf - 1; i >= 0; i--)
  {
    switch (ftype[i])
    {
      case DTK_TIME:
        dterr = DecodeTime(field[i], fmask, range,
                   &tmask, tm, fsec);
        if (dterr)
          return dterr;
        type = DTK_DAY;
        break;

      case DTK_TZ:

        /*
         * Timezone means a token with a leading sign character and at
         * least one digit; there could be ':', '.', '-' embedded in
         * it as well.
         */
        Assert(*field[i] == '-' || *field[i] == '+');

        /*
         * Check for signed hh:mm or hh:mm:ss.  If so, process exactly
         * like DTK_TIME case above, plus handling the sign.
         */
        if (strchr(field[i] + 1, ':') != NULL &&
          DecodeTime(field[i] + 1, fmask, range,
                 &tmask, tm, fsec) == 0)
        {
          if (*field[i] == '-')
          {
            /* flip the sign on all fields */
            tm->tm_hour = -tm->tm_hour;
            tm->tm_min = -tm->tm_min;
            tm->tm_sec = -tm->tm_sec;
            *fsec = -(*fsec);
          }

          /*
           * Set the next type to be a day, if units are not
           * specified. This handles the case of '1 +02:03' since we
           * are reading right to left.
           */
          type = DTK_DAY;
          break;
        }

        /*
         * Otherwise, fall through to DTK_NUMBER case, which can
         * handle signed float numbers and signed year-month values.
         */

        /* FALLTHROUGH */

      case DTK_DATE:
      case DTK_NUMBER:
        if (type == IGNORE_DTF)
        {
          /* use typmod to decide what rightmost field is */
          switch (range)
          {
            case INTERVAL_MASK(YEAR):
              type = DTK_YEAR;
              break;
            case INTERVAL_MASK(MONTH):
            case INTERVAL_MASK(YEAR) | INTERVAL_MASK(MONTH):
              type = DTK_MONTH;
              break;
            case INTERVAL_MASK(DAY):
              type = DTK_DAY;
              break;
            case INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR):
            case INTERVAL_MASK(DAY) | INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR):
              type = DTK_HOUR;
              break;
            case INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE):
            case INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) | INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE):
            case INTERVAL_MASK(DAY) | INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) | INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE):
              type = DTK_MINUTE;
              break;
            case INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND):
            case INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE) | INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND):
            case INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) | INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE) | INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND):
            case INTERVAL_MASK(DAY) | INTERVAL_MASK(HOUR) | INTERVAL_MASK(MINUTE) | INTERVAL_MASK(SECOND):
              type = DTK_SECOND;
              break;
            default:
              type = DTK_SECOND;
              break;
          }
        }

        errno = 0;
        val = strtoint(field[i], &cp, 10);
        if (errno == ERANGE)
          return DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW;

        if (*cp == '-')
        {
          /* SQL "years-months" syntax */
          int      val2;

          val2 = strtoint(cp + 1, &cp, 10);
          if (errno == ERANGE || val2 < 0 || val2 >= MONTHS_PER_YEAR)
            return DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW;
          if (*cp != '\0')
            return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
          type = DTK_MONTH;
          if (*field[i] == '-')
            val2 = -val2;
          if (((double) val * MONTHS_PER_YEAR + val2) > INT_MAX ||
            ((double) val * MONTHS_PER_YEAR + val2) < INT_MIN)
            return DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW;
          val = val * MONTHS_PER_YEAR + val2;
          fval = 0;
        }
        else if (*cp == '.')
        {
          errno = 0;
          fval = strtod(cp, &cp);
          if (*cp != '\0' || errno != 0)
            return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

          if (*field[i] == '-')
            fval = -fval;
        }
        else if (*cp == '\0')
          fval = 0;
        else
          return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

        tmask = 0;    /* DTK_M(type); */

        switch (type)
        {
          case DTK_MICROSEC:
            *fsec += rint(val + fval);
            tmask = DTK_M(MICROSECOND);
            break;

          case DTK_MILLISEC:
            /* avoid overflowing the fsec field */
            tm->tm_sec += val / 1000;
            val -= (val / 1000) * 1000;
            *fsec += rint((val + fval) * 1000);
            tmask = DTK_M(MILLISECOND);
            break;

          case DTK_SECOND:
            tm->tm_sec += val;
            *fsec += rint(fval * 1000000);

            /*
             * If any subseconds were specified, consider this
             * microsecond and millisecond input as well.
             */
            if (fval == 0)
              tmask = DTK_M(SECOND);
            else
              tmask = DTK_ALL_SECS_M;
            break;

          case DTK_MINUTE:
            tm->tm_min += val;
            AdjustFractSeconds(fval, tm, fsec, SECS_PER_MINUTE);
            tmask = DTK_M(MINUTE);
            break;

          case DTK_HOUR:
            tm->tm_hour += val;
            AdjustFractSeconds(fval, tm, fsec, SECS_PER_HOUR);
            tmask = DTK_M(HOUR);
            type = DTK_DAY; /* set for next field */
            break;

          case DTK_DAY:
            tm->tm_mday += val;
            AdjustFractSeconds(fval, tm, fsec, SECS_PER_DAY);
            tmask = DTK_M(DAY);
            break;

          case DTK_WEEK:
            tm->tm_mday += val * 7;
            AdjustFractDays(fval, tm, fsec, 7);
            tmask = DTK_M(WEEK);
            break;

          case DTK_MONTH:
            tm->tm_mon += val;
            AdjustFractDays(fval, tm, fsec, DAYS_PER_MONTH);
            tmask = DTK_M(MONTH);
            break;

          case DTK_YEAR:
            tm->tm_year += val;
            if (fval != 0)
              tm->tm_mon += fval * MONTHS_PER_YEAR;
            tmask = DTK_M(YEAR);
            break;

          case DTK_DECADE:
            tm->tm_year += val * 10;
            if (fval != 0)
              tm->tm_mon += fval * MONTHS_PER_YEAR * 10;
            tmask = DTK_M(DECADE);
            break;

          case DTK_CENTURY:
            tm->tm_year += val * 100;
            if (fval != 0)
              tm->tm_mon += fval * MONTHS_PER_YEAR * 100;
            tmask = DTK_M(CENTURY);
            break;

          case DTK_MILLENNIUM:
            tm->tm_year += val * 1000;
            if (fval != 0)
              tm->tm_mon += fval * MONTHS_PER_YEAR * 1000;
            tmask = DTK_M(MILLENNIUM);
            break;

          default:
            return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
        }
        break;

      case DTK_STRING:
      case DTK_SPECIAL:
        type = DecodeUnits(i, field[i], &val);
        if (type == IGNORE_DTF)
          continue;

        tmask = 0;    /* DTK_M(type); */
        switch (type)
        {
          case UNITS:
            type = val;
            break;

          case AGO:
            is_before = true;
            type = val;
            break;

          case RESERV:
            tmask = (DTK_DATE_M | DTK_TIME_M);
            *dtype = val;
            break;

          default:
            return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
        }
        break;

      default:
        return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
    }

    if (tmask & fmask)
      return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
    fmask |= tmask;
  }

  /* ensure that at least one time field has been found */
  if (fmask == 0)
    return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

  /* ensure fractional seconds are fractional */
  if (*fsec != 0)
  {
    int      sec;

    sec = *fsec / USECS_PER_SEC;
    *fsec -= sec * USECS_PER_SEC;
    tm->tm_sec += sec;
  }

  /*----------
   * The SQL standard defines the interval literal
   *   '-1 1:00:00'
   * to mean "negative 1 days and negative 1 hours", while Postgres
   * traditionally treats this as meaning "negative 1 days and positive
   * 1 hours".  In SQL_STANDARD intervalstyle, we apply the leading sign
   * to all fields if there are no other explicit signs.
   *
   * We leave the signs alone if there are additional explicit signs.
   * This protects us against misinterpreting postgres-style dump output,
   * since the postgres-style output code has always put an explicit sign on
   * all fields following a negative field.  But note that SQL-spec output
   * is ambiguous and can be misinterpreted on load!  (So it's best practice
   * to dump in postgres style, not SQL style.)
   *----------
   */
  if (IntervalStyle == INTSTYLE_SQL_STANDARD && *field[0] == '-')
  {
    /* Check for additional explicit signs */
    bool    more_signs = false;

    for (i = 1; i < nf; i++)
    {
      if (*field[i] == '-' || *field[i] == '+')
      {
        more_signs = true;
        break;
      }
    }

    if (!more_signs)
    {
      /*
       * Rather than re-determining which field was field[0], just force
       * 'em all negative.
       */
      if (*fsec > 0)
        *fsec = -(*fsec);
      if (tm->tm_sec > 0)
        tm->tm_sec = -tm->tm_sec;
      if (tm->tm_min > 0)
        tm->tm_min = -tm->tm_min;
      if (tm->tm_hour > 0)
        tm->tm_hour = -tm->tm_hour;
      if (tm->tm_mday > 0)
        tm->tm_mday = -tm->tm_mday;
      if (tm->tm_mon > 0)
        tm->tm_mon = -tm->tm_mon;
      if (tm->tm_year > 0)
        tm->tm_year = -tm->tm_year;
    }
  }

  /* finally, AGO negates everything */
  if (is_before)
  {
    *fsec = -(*fsec);
    tm->tm_sec = -tm->tm_sec;
    tm->tm_min = -tm->tm_min;
    tm->tm_hour = -tm->tm_hour;
    tm->tm_mday = -tm->tm_mday;
    tm->tm_mon = -tm->tm_mon;
    tm->tm_year = -tm->tm_year;
  }

  return 0;
}

/*
 * Helper functions to avoid duplicated code in DecodeISO8601Interval.
 *
 * Parse a decimal value and break it into integer and fractional parts.
 * Returns 0 or DTERR code.
 */
static int
ParseISO8601Number(char *str, char **endptr, int *ipart, double *fpart)
{
  double    val;

  if (!(isdigit((unsigned char) *str) || *str == '-' || *str == '.'))
    return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
  errno = 0;
  val = strtod(str, endptr);
  /* did we not see anything that looks like a double? */
  if (*endptr == str || errno != 0)
    return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
  /* watch out for overflow */
  if (val < INT_MIN || val > INT_MAX)
    return DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW;
  /* be very sure we truncate towards zero (cf dtrunc()) */
  if (val >= 0)
    *ipart = (int) floor(val);
  else
    *ipart = (int) -floor(-val);
  *fpart = val - *ipart;
  return 0;
}

/*
 * Determine number of integral digits in a valid ISO 8601 number field
 * (we should ignore sign and any fraction part)
 */
static int
ISO8601IntegerWidth(char *fieldstart)
{
  /* We might have had a leading '-' */
  if (*fieldstart == '-')
    fieldstart++;
  return strspn(fieldstart, "0123456789");
}

/* DecodeISO8601Interval()
 *  Decode an ISO 8601 time interval of the "format with designators"
 *  (section 4.4.3.2) or "alternative format" (section 4.4.3.3)
 *  Examples:  P1D  for 1 day
 *         PT1H for 1 hour
 *         P2Y6M7DT1H30M for 2 years, 6 months, 7 days 1 hour 30 min
 *         P0002-06-07T01:30:00 the same value in alternative format
 *
 * Returns 0 if successful, DTERR code if bogus input detected.
 * Note: error code should be DTERR_BAD_FORMAT if input doesn't look like
 * ISO8601, otherwise this could cause unexpected error messages.
 * dtype, tm, fsec are output parameters.
 *
 *  A couple exceptions from the spec:
 *   - a week field ('W') may coexist with other units
 *   - allows decimals in fields other than the least significant unit.
 */
int
DecodeISO8601Interval(char *str,
            int *dtype, struct pg_tm *tm, fsec_t *fsec)
{
  bool    datepart = true;
  bool    havefield = false;

  *dtype = DTK_DELTA;
  ClearPgTm(tm, fsec);

  if (strlen(str) < 2 || str[0] != 'P')
    return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

  str++;
  while (*str)
  {
    char     *fieldstart;
    int      val;
    double    fval;
    char    unit;
    int      dterr;

    if (*str == 'T')    /* T indicates the beginning of the time part */
    {
      datepart = false;
      havefield = false;
      str++;
      continue;
    }

    fieldstart = str;
    dterr = ParseISO8601Number(str, &str, &val, &fval);
    if (dterr)
      return dterr;

    /*
     * Note: we could step off the end of the string here.  Code below
     * *must* exit the loop if unit == '\0'.
     */
    unit = *str++;

    if (datepart)
    {
      switch (unit)    /* before T: Y M W D */
      {
        case 'Y':
          tm->tm_year += val;
          tm->tm_mon += (fval * MONTHS_PER_YEAR);
          break;
        case 'M':
          tm->tm_mon += val;
          AdjustFractDays(fval, tm, fsec, DAYS_PER_MONTH);
          break;
        case 'W':
          tm->tm_mday += val * 7;
          AdjustFractDays(fval, tm, fsec, 7);
          break;
        case 'D':
          tm->tm_mday += val;
          AdjustFractSeconds(fval, tm, fsec, SECS_PER_DAY);
          break;
        case 'T':    /* ISO 8601 4.4.3.3 Alternative Format / Basic */
        case '\0':
          if (ISO8601IntegerWidth(fieldstart) == 8 && !havefield)
          {
            tm->tm_year += val / 10000;
            tm->tm_mon += (val / 100) % 100;
            tm->tm_mday += val % 100;
            AdjustFractSeconds(fval, tm, fsec, SECS_PER_DAY);
            if (unit == '\0')
              return 0;
            datepart = false;
            havefield = false;
            continue;
          }
          /* Else fall through to extended alternative format */
          /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case '-':    /* ISO 8601 4.4.3.3 Alternative Format,
                 * Extended */
          if (havefield)
            return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

          tm->tm_year += val;
          tm->tm_mon += (fval * MONTHS_PER_YEAR);
          if (unit == '\0')
            return 0;
          if (unit == 'T')
          {
            datepart = false;
            havefield = false;
            continue;
          }

          dterr = ParseISO8601Number(str, &str, &val, &fval);
          if (dterr)
            return dterr;
          tm->tm_mon += val;
          AdjustFractDays(fval, tm, fsec, DAYS_PER_MONTH);
          if (*str == '\0')
            return 0;
          if (*str == 'T')
          {
            datepart = false;
            havefield = false;
            continue;
          }
          if (*str != '-')
            return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
          str++;

          dterr = ParseISO8601Number(str, &str, &val, &fval);
          if (dterr)
            return dterr;
          tm->tm_mday += val;
          AdjustFractSeconds(fval, tm, fsec, SECS_PER_DAY);
          if (*str == '\0')
            return 0;
          if (*str == 'T')
          {
            datepart = false;
            havefield = false;
            continue;
          }
          return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
        default:
          /* not a valid date unit suffix */
          return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
      }
    }
    else
    {
      switch (unit)    /* after T: H M S */
      {
        case 'H':
          tm->tm_hour += val;
          AdjustFractSeconds(fval, tm, fsec, SECS_PER_HOUR);
          break;
        case 'M':
          tm->tm_min += val;
          AdjustFractSeconds(fval, tm, fsec, SECS_PER_MINUTE);
          break;
        case 'S':
          tm->tm_sec += val;
          AdjustFractSeconds(fval, tm, fsec, 1);
          break;
        case '\0':    /* ISO 8601 4.4.3.3 Alternative Format */
          if (ISO8601IntegerWidth(fieldstart) == 6 && !havefield)
          {
            tm->tm_hour += val / 10000;
            tm->tm_min += (val / 100) % 100;
            tm->tm_sec += val % 100;
            AdjustFractSeconds(fval, tm, fsec, 1);
            return 0;
          }
          /* Else fall through to extended alternative format */
          /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case ':':    /* ISO 8601 4.4.3.3 Alternative Format,
                 * Extended */
          if (havefield)
            return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

          tm->tm_hour += val;
          AdjustFractSeconds(fval, tm, fsec, SECS_PER_HOUR);
          if (unit == '\0')
            return 0;

          dterr = ParseISO8601Number(str, &str, &val, &fval);
          if (dterr)
            return dterr;
          tm->tm_min += val;
          AdjustFractSeconds(fval, tm, fsec, SECS_PER_MINUTE);
          if (*str == '\0')
            return 0;
          if (*str != ':')
            return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
          str++;

          dterr = ParseISO8601Number(str, &str, &val, &fval);
          if (dterr)
            return dterr;
          tm->tm_sec += val;
          AdjustFractSeconds(fval, tm, fsec, 1);
          if (*str == '\0')
            return 0;
          return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;

        default:
          /* not a valid time unit suffix */
          return DTERR_BAD_FORMAT;
      }
    }

    havefield = true;
  }

  return 0;
}

/* DecodeUnits()
 * Decode text string using lookup table.
 *
 * This routine recognizes keywords associated with time interval units.
 *
 * Given string must be lowercased already.
 *
 * Implement a cache lookup since it is likely that dates
 *  will be related in format.
 */
int
DecodeUnits(int field, char *lowtoken, int *val)
{
  int      type;
  const datetkn *tp;

  tp = deltacache[field];
  /* use strncmp so that we match truncated tokens */
  if (tp == NULL || strncmp(lowtoken, tp->token, TOKMAXLEN) != 0)
  {
    tp = datebsearch(lowtoken, deltatktbl, szdeltatktbl);
  }
  if (tp == NULL)
  {
    type = UNKNOWN_FIELD;
    *val = 0;
  }
  else
  {
    deltacache[field] = tp;
    type = tp->type;
    *val = tp->value;
  }

  return type;
}                /* DecodeUnits() */

/*
 * Report an error detected by one of the datetime input processing routines.
 *
 * dterr is the error code, str is the original input string, datatype is
 * the name of the datatype we were trying to accept.
 *
 * Note: it might seem useless to distinguish DTERR_INTERVAL_OVERFLOW and
 * DTERR_TZDISP_OVERFLOW from DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW, but SQL99 mandates three
 * separate SQLSTATE codes, so ...
 */
void
DateTimeParseError(int dterr, const char *str, const char *datatype)
{
  size_t size = strlen(str) + strlen(datatype) + 50;
  char *errmsg = palloc(size);
  switch (dterr)
  {
    case DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW:
      sprintf(errmsg,
        "date/time field value out of range: \"%s\"", str);
      break;
    case DTERR_MD_FIELD_OVERFLOW:
      /* <nanny>same as above, but add hint about DateStyle</nanny> */
      sprintf(errmsg,
        "date/time field value out of range: \"%s\"", str);
      break;
    case DTERR_INTERVAL_OVERFLOW:
      sprintf(errmsg,
        "interval field value out of range: \"%s\"", str);
      break;
    case DTERR_TZDISP_OVERFLOW:
      sprintf(errmsg,
        "time zone displacement out of range: \"%s\"", str);
      break;
    case DTERR_BAD_FORMAT:
    default:
      sprintf(errmsg,
        "invalid input syntax for type %s: \"%s\"", datatype, str);
      break;
  }
  meos_error(ERROR, MEOS_ERR_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE, errmsg);
  return;
}

/* datebsearch()
 * Binary search -- from Knuth (6.2.1) Algorithm B.  Special case like this
 * is WAY faster than the generic bsearch().
 */
static const datetkn *
datebsearch(const char *key, const datetkn *base, int nel)
{
  if (nel > 0)
  {
    const datetkn *last = base + nel - 1,
           *position;
    int      result;

    while (last >= base)
    {
      position = base + ((last - base) >> 1);
      /* precheck the first character for a bit of extra speed */
      result = (int) key[0] - (int) position->token[0];
      if (result == 0)
      {
        /* use strncmp so that we match truncated tokens */
        result = strncmp(key, position->token, TOKMAXLEN);
        if (result == 0)
          return position;
      }
      if (result < 0)
        last = position - 1;
      else
        base = position + 1;
    }
  }
  return NULL;
}

/* EncodeTimezone()
 *    Copies representation of a numeric timezone offset to str.
 *
 * Returns a pointer to the new end of string.  No NUL terminator is put
 * there; callers are responsible for NUL terminating str themselves.
 */
static char *
EncodeTimezone(char *str, int tz, int style)
{
  int      hour,
        min,
        sec;

  sec = abs(tz);
  min = sec / SECS_PER_MINUTE;
  sec -= min * SECS_PER_MINUTE;
  hour = min / MINS_PER_HOUR;
  min -= hour * MINS_PER_HOUR;

  /* TZ is negated compared to sign we wish to display ... */
  *str++ = (tz <= 0 ? '+' : '-');

  if (sec != 0)
  {
    str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, hour, 2);
    *str++ = ':';
    str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, min, 2);
    *str++ = ':';
    str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, sec, 2);
  }
  else if (min != 0 || style == USE_XSD_DATES)
  {
    str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, hour, 2);
    *str++ = ':';
    str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, min, 2);
  }
  else
    str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, hour, 2);
  return str;
}

/*
 * Convert reserved date values to string.
 */
void
EncodeSpecialDate(DateADT dt, char *str)
{
  if (DATE_IS_NOBEGIN(dt))
    strcpy(str, EARLY);
  else if (DATE_IS_NOEND(dt))
    strcpy(str, LATE);
  else            /* shouldn't happen */
    meos_error(ERROR, MEOS_ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE,
      "invalid argument for EncodeSpecialDate");
  return;
}

/* EncodeDateOnly()
 * Encode date as local time.
 */
void
EncodeDateOnly(struct pg_tm *tm, int style, char *str)
{
  Assert(tm->tm_mon >= 1 && tm->tm_mon <= MONTHS_PER_YEAR);

  switch (style)
  {
    case USE_ISO_DATES:
    case USE_XSD_DATES:
      /* compatible with ISO date formats */
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str,
                   (tm->tm_year > 0) ? tm->tm_year : -(tm->tm_year - 1), 4);
      *str++ = '-';
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_mon, 2);
      *str++ = '-';
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_mday, 2);
      break;

    case USE_SQL_DATES:
      /* compatible with Oracle/Ingres date formats */
      if (DateOrder == DATEORDER_DMY)
      {
        str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_mday, 2);
        *str++ = '/';
        str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_mon, 2);
      }
      else
      {
        str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_mon, 2);
        *str++ = '/';
        str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_mday, 2);
      }
      *str++ = '/';
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str,
                   (tm->tm_year > 0) ? tm->tm_year : -(tm->tm_year - 1), 4);
      break;

    case USE_GERMAN_DATES:
      /* German-style date format */
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_mday, 2);
      *str++ = '.';
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_mon, 2);
      *str++ = '.';
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str,
                   (tm->tm_year > 0) ? tm->tm_year : -(tm->tm_year - 1), 4);
      break;

    case USE_POSTGRES_DATES:
    default:
      /* traditional date-only style for Postgres */
      if (DateOrder == DATEORDER_DMY)
      {
        str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_mday, 2);
        *str++ = '-';
        str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_mon, 2);
      }
      else
      {
        str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_mon, 2);
        *str++ = '-';
        str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_mday, 2);
      }
      *str++ = '-';
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str,
                   (tm->tm_year > 0) ? tm->tm_year : -(tm->tm_year - 1), 4);
      break;
  }

  if (tm->tm_year <= 0)
  {
    memcpy(str, " BC", 3);  /* Don't copy NUL */
    str += 3;
  }
  *str = '\0';
}

/* EncodeTimeOnly()
 * Encode time fields only.
 *
 * tm and fsec are the value to encode, print_tz determines whether to include
 * a time zone (the difference between time and timetz types), tz is the
 * numeric time zone offset, style is the date style, str is where to write the
 * output.
 */
void
EncodeTimeOnly(struct pg_tm *tm, fsec_t fsec, bool print_tz, int tz, int style, char *str)
{
  str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_hour, 2);
  *str++ = ':';
  str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_min, 2);
  *str++ = ':';
  str = AppendSeconds(str, tm->tm_sec, fsec, MAX_TIME_PRECISION, true);
  if (print_tz)
    str = EncodeTimezone(str, tz, style);
  *str = '\0';
}

/* EncodeDateTime()
 * Encode date and time interpreted as local time.
 *
 * tm and fsec are the value to encode, print_tz determines whether to include
 * a time zone (the difference between timestamp and timestamptz types), tz is
 * the numeric time zone offset, tzn is the textual time zone, which if
 * specified will be used instead of tz by some styles, style is the date
 * style, str is where to write the output.
 *
 * Supported date styles:
 *  Postgres - day mon hh:mm:ss yyyy tz
 *  SQL - mm/dd/yyyy hh:mm:ss.ss tz
 *  ISO - yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss+/-tz
 *  German - dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss tz
 *  XSD - yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.ss+/-tz
 */
void
EncodeDateTime(struct pg_tm *tm, fsec_t fsec, bool print_tz, int tz, const char *tzn, int style, char *str)
{
  int      day;

  Assert(tm->tm_mon >= 1 && tm->tm_mon <= MONTHS_PER_YEAR);

  /*
   * Negative tm_isdst means we have no valid time zone translation.
   */
  if (tm->tm_isdst < 0)
    print_tz = false;

  switch (style)
  {
    case USE_ISO_DATES:
    case USE_XSD_DATES:
      /* Compatible with ISO-8601 date formats */
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str,
                   (tm->tm_year > 0) ? tm->tm_year : -(tm->tm_year - 1), 4);
      *str++ = '-';
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_mon, 2);
      *str++ = '-';
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_mday, 2);
      *str++ = (style == USE_ISO_DATES) ? ' ' : 'T';
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_hour, 2);
      *str++ = ':';
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_min, 2);
      *str++ = ':';
      str = AppendTimestampSeconds(str, tm, fsec);
      if (print_tz)
        str = EncodeTimezone(str, tz, style);
      break;

    case USE_SQL_DATES:
      /* Compatible with Oracle/Ingres date formats */
      if (DateOrder == DATEORDER_DMY)
      {
        str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_mday, 2);
        *str++ = '/';
        str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_mon, 2);
      }
      else
      {
        str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_mon, 2);
        *str++ = '/';
        str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_mday, 2);
      }
      *str++ = '/';
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str,
                   (tm->tm_year > 0) ? tm->tm_year : -(tm->tm_year - 1), 4);
      *str++ = ' ';
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_hour, 2);
      *str++ = ':';
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_min, 2);
      *str++ = ':';
      str = AppendTimestampSeconds(str, tm, fsec);

      /*
       * Note: the uses of %.*s in this function would be risky if the
       * timezone names ever contain non-ASCII characters, since we are
       * not being careful to do encoding-aware clipping.  However, all
       * TZ abbreviations in the IANA database are plain ASCII.
       */
      if (print_tz)
      {
        if (tzn)
        {
          sprintf(str, " %.*s", MAXTZLEN, tzn);
          str += strlen(str);
        }
        else
          str = EncodeTimezone(str, tz, style);
      }
      break;

    case USE_GERMAN_DATES:
      /* German variant on European style */
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_mday, 2);
      *str++ = '.';
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_mon, 2);
      *str++ = '.';
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str,
                   (tm->tm_year > 0) ? tm->tm_year : -(tm->tm_year - 1), 4);
      *str++ = ' ';
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_hour, 2);
      *str++ = ':';
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_min, 2);
      *str++ = ':';
      str = AppendTimestampSeconds(str, tm, fsec);

      if (print_tz)
      {
        if (tzn)
        {
          sprintf(str, " %.*s", MAXTZLEN, tzn);
          str += strlen(str);
        }
        else
          str = EncodeTimezone(str, tz, style);
      }
      break;

    case USE_POSTGRES_DATES:
    default:
      /* Backward-compatible with traditional Postgres abstime dates */
      day = date2j(tm->tm_year, tm->tm_mon, tm->tm_mday);
      tm->tm_wday = j2day(day);
      memcpy(str, days[tm->tm_wday], 3);
      str += 3;
      *str++ = ' ';
      if (DateOrder == DATEORDER_DMY)
      {
        str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_mday, 2);
        *str++ = ' ';
        memcpy(str, months[tm->tm_mon - 1], 3);
        str += 3;
      }
      else
      {
        memcpy(str, months[tm->tm_mon - 1], 3);
        str += 3;
        *str++ = ' ';
        str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_mday, 2);
      }
      *str++ = ' ';
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_hour, 2);
      *str++ = ':';
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, tm->tm_min, 2);
      *str++ = ':';
      str = AppendTimestampSeconds(str, tm, fsec);
      *str++ = ' ';
      str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str,
                   (tm->tm_year > 0) ? tm->tm_year : -(tm->tm_year - 1), 4);

      if (print_tz)
      {
        if (tzn)
        {
          sprintf(str, " %.*s", MAXTZLEN, tzn);
          str += strlen(str);
        }
        else
        {
          /*
           * We have a time zone, but no string version. Use the
           * numeric form, but be sure to include a leading space to
           * avoid formatting something which would be rejected by
           * the date/time parser later. - thomas 2001-10-19
           */
          *str++ = ' ';
          str = EncodeTimezone(str, tz, style);
        }
      }
      break;
  }

  if (tm->tm_year <= 0)
  {
    memcpy(str, " BC", 3);  /* Don't copy NUL */
    str += 3;
  }
  *str = '\0';
}

/* Append an ISO-8601-style interval field, but only if value isn't zero */
static char *
AddISO8601IntPart(char *cp, int value, char units)
{
  if (value == 0)
    return cp;
  sprintf(cp, "%d%c", value, units);
  return cp + strlen(cp);
}

/* Append a postgres-style interval field, but only if value isn't zero */
static char *
AddPostgresIntPart(char *cp, int value, const char *units,
           bool *is_zero, bool *is_before)
{
  if (value == 0)
    return cp;
  sprintf(cp, "%s%s%d %s%s",
      (!*is_zero) ? " " : "",
      (*is_before && value > 0) ? "+" : "",
      value,
      units,
      (value != 1) ? "s" : "");

  /*
   * Each nonzero field sets is_before for (only) the next one.  This is a
   * tad bizarre but it's how it worked before...
   */
  *is_before = (value < 0);
  *is_zero = false;
  return cp + strlen(cp);
}

/* Append a verbose-style interval field, but only if value isn't zero */
static char *
AddVerboseIntPart(char *cp, int value, const char *units,
          bool *is_zero, bool *is_before)
{
  if (value == 0)
    return cp;
  /* first nonzero value sets is_before */
  if (*is_zero)
  {
    *is_before = (value < 0);
    value = abs(value);
  }
  else if (*is_before)
    value = -value;
  sprintf(cp, " %d %s%s", value, units, (value == 1) ? "" : "s");
  *is_zero = false;
  return cp + strlen(cp);
}

/* EncodeInterval()
 * Interpret time structure as a delta time and convert to string.
 *
 * Support "traditional Postgres" and ISO-8601 styles.
 * Actually, afaik ISO does not address time interval formatting,
 *  but this looks similar to the spec for absolute date/time.
 * - thomas 1998-04-30
 *
 * Actually, afaik, ISO 8601 does specify formats for "time
 * intervals...[of the]...format with time-unit designators", which
 * are pretty ugly.  The format looks something like
 *     P1Y1M1DT1H1M1.12345S
 * but useful for exchanging data with computers instead of humans.
 * - ron 2003-07-14
 *
 * And ISO's SQL 2008 standard specifies standards for
 * "year-month literal"s (that look like '2-3') and
 * "day-time literal"s (that look like ('4 5:6:7')
 */
void
EncodeInterval(struct pg_tm *tm, fsec_t fsec, int style, char *str)
{
  char     *cp = str;
  int      year = tm->tm_year;
  int      mon = tm->tm_mon;
  int      mday = tm->tm_mday;
  int      hour = tm->tm_hour;
  int      min = tm->tm_min;
  int      sec = tm->tm_sec;
  bool    is_before = false;
  bool    is_zero = true;

  /*
   * The sign of year and month are guaranteed to match, since they are
   * stored internally as "month". But we'll need to check for is_before and
   * is_zero when determining the signs of day and hour/minute/seconds
   * fields.
   */
  switch (style)
  {
      /* SQL Standard interval format */
    case INTSTYLE_SQL_STANDARD:
      {
        bool    has_negative = year < 0 || mon < 0 ||
        mday < 0 || hour < 0 ||
        min < 0 || sec < 0 || fsec < 0;
        bool    has_positive = year > 0 || mon > 0 ||
        mday > 0 || hour > 0 ||
        min > 0 || sec > 0 || fsec > 0;
        bool    has_year_month = year != 0 || mon != 0;
        bool    has_day_time = mday != 0 || hour != 0 ||
        min != 0 || sec != 0 || fsec != 0;
        bool    has_day = mday != 0;
        bool    sql_standard_value = !(has_negative && has_positive) &&
        !(has_year_month && has_day_time);

        /*
         * SQL Standard wants only 1 "<sign>" preceding the whole
         * interval ... but can't do that if mixed signs.
         */
        if (has_negative && sql_standard_value)
        {
          *cp++ = '-';
          year = -year;
          mon = -mon;
          mday = -mday;
          hour = -hour;
          min = -min;
          sec = -sec;
          fsec = -fsec;
        }

        if (!has_negative && !has_positive)
        {
          sprintf(cp, "0");
        }
        else if (!sql_standard_value)
        {
          /*
           * For non sql-standard interval values, force outputting
           * the signs to avoid ambiguities with intervals with
           * mixed sign components.
           */
          char    year_sign = (year < 0 || mon < 0) ? '-' : '+';
          char    day_sign = (mday < 0) ? '-' : '+';
          char    sec_sign = (hour < 0 || min < 0 ||
                      sec < 0 || fsec < 0) ? '-' : '+';

          sprintf(cp, "%c%d-%d %c%d %c%d:%02d:",
              year_sign, abs(year), abs(mon),
              day_sign, abs(mday),
              sec_sign, abs(hour), abs(min));
          cp += strlen(cp);
          cp = AppendSeconds(cp, sec, fsec, MAX_INTERVAL_PRECISION, true);
          *cp = '\0';
        }
        else if (has_year_month)
        {
          sprintf(cp, "%d-%d", year, mon);
        }
        else if (has_day)
        {
          sprintf(cp, "%d %d:%02d:", mday, hour, min);
          cp += strlen(cp);
          cp = AppendSeconds(cp, sec, fsec, MAX_INTERVAL_PRECISION, true);
          *cp = '\0';
        }
        else
        {
          sprintf(cp, "%d:%02d:", hour, min);
          cp += strlen(cp);
          cp = AppendSeconds(cp, sec, fsec, MAX_INTERVAL_PRECISION, true);
          *cp = '\0';
        }
      }
      break;

      /* ISO 8601 "time-intervals by duration only" */
    case INTSTYLE_ISO_8601:
      /* special-case zero to avoid printing nothing */
      if (year == 0 && mon == 0 && mday == 0 &&
        hour == 0 && min == 0 && sec == 0 && fsec == 0)
      {
        sprintf(cp, "PT0S");
        break;
      }
      *cp++ = 'P';
      cp = AddISO8601IntPart(cp, year, 'Y');
      cp = AddISO8601IntPart(cp, mon, 'M');
      cp = AddISO8601IntPart(cp, mday, 'D');
      if (hour != 0 || min != 0 || sec != 0 || fsec != 0)
        *cp++ = 'T';
      cp = AddISO8601IntPart(cp, hour, 'H');
      cp = AddISO8601IntPart(cp, min, 'M');
      if (sec != 0 || fsec != 0)
      {
        if (sec < 0 || fsec < 0)
          *cp++ = '-';
        cp = AppendSeconds(cp, sec, fsec, MAX_INTERVAL_PRECISION, false);
        *cp++ = 'S';
        *cp++ = '\0';
      }
      break;

      /* Compatible with postgresql < 8.4 when DateStyle = 'iso' */
    case INTSTYLE_POSTGRES:
      cp = AddPostgresIntPart(cp, year, "year", &is_zero, &is_before);

      /*
       * Ideally we should spell out "month" like we do for "year" and
       * "day".  However, for backward compatibility, we can't easily
       * fix this.  bjm 2011-05-24
       */
      cp = AddPostgresIntPart(cp, mon, "mon", &is_zero, &is_before);
      cp = AddPostgresIntPart(cp, mday, "day", &is_zero, &is_before);
      if (is_zero || hour != 0 || min != 0 || sec != 0 || fsec != 0)
      {
        bool    minus = (hour < 0 || min < 0 || sec < 0 || fsec < 0);

        sprintf(cp, "%s%s%02d:%02d:",
            is_zero ? "" : " ",
            (minus ? "-" : (is_before ? "+" : "")),
            abs(hour), abs(min));
        cp += strlen(cp);
        cp = AppendSeconds(cp, sec, fsec, MAX_INTERVAL_PRECISION, true);
        *cp = '\0';
      }
      break;

      /* Compatible with postgresql < 8.4 when DateStyle != 'iso' */
    case INTSTYLE_POSTGRES_VERBOSE:
    default:
      strcpy(cp, "@");
      cp++;
      cp = AddVerboseIntPart(cp, year, "year", &is_zero, &is_before);
      cp = AddVerboseIntPart(cp, mon, "mon", &is_zero, &is_before);
      cp = AddVerboseIntPart(cp, mday, "day", &is_zero, &is_before);
      cp = AddVerboseIntPart(cp, hour, "hour", &is_zero, &is_before);
      cp = AddVerboseIntPart(cp, min, "min", &is_zero, &is_before);
      if (sec != 0 || fsec != 0)
      {
        *cp++ = ' ';
        if (sec < 0 || (sec == 0 && fsec < 0))
        {
          if (is_zero)
            is_before = true;
          else if (!is_before)
            *cp++ = '-';
        }
        else if (is_before)
          *cp++ = '-';
        cp = AppendSeconds(cp, sec, fsec, MAX_INTERVAL_PRECISION, false);
        /* We output "ago", not negatives, so use abs(). */
        sprintf(cp, " sec%s",
            (abs(sec) != 1 || fsec != 0) ? "s" : "");
        is_zero = false;
      }
      /* identically zero? then put in a unitless zero... */
      if (is_zero)
        strcat(cp, " 0");
      if (is_before)
        strcat(cp, " ago");
      break;
  }
}

/*
 * Helper subroutine to locate pg_tz timezone for a dynamic abbreviation.
 */
static pg_tz *
FetchDynamicTimeZone(TimeZoneAbbrevTable *tbl, const datetkn *tp)
{
  DynamicZoneAbbrev *dtza;

  /* Just some sanity checks to prevent indexing off into nowhere */
  Assert(tp->type == DYNTZ);
  Assert(tp->value > 0 && tp->value < tbl->tblsize);

  dtza = (DynamicZoneAbbrev *) ((char *) tbl + tp->value);

  /* Look up the underlying zone if we haven't already */
  if (dtza->tz == NULL)
  {
    dtza->tz = pg_tzset(dtza->zone);

    /*
     * Ideally we'd let the caller ereport instead of doing it here, but
     * then there is no way to report the bad time zone name.
     */
    if (dtza->tz == NULL)
    {
      meos_error(ERROR, MEOS_ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE, "time zone \"%s\" not recognized", dtza->zone);
      return NULL;
    }
  }
  return dtza->tz;
}

